1. Muscles of facial expression
Frontalis
O: Frontal Bone
I: eyebrow skin
Action: elevates eyebrows

2. Muscles of facial expression
Orbicularis oculi
Sphincter muscle of eyelid
O: frontal & maxillary bones
I: tissue of eyelid
Action: closes eye
Nerve: facial / CN VII
(11.6)

3. Muscles of facial expression
Orbicularis oris
Sphincter muscle around mouth
O: Maxilla; mandible
I: skin around mouth
Action: closes/ protrudes lips

4. Muscles of facial expression
Zygomaticus
O: zygomatic bone
I: corners of mouth
Action: smiling
Nerve: facial / CN VII
Major and Minor
(11.6)

5. Muscles of facial expression
Platysma
Broad plate-like muscle
O: chest fascia
I: mandible; skin at corners of mouth
Action: depresses mandible, pulls lower lip down

6. Muscles of mastication
Masseter
O: zygomatic arch
I: angle & ramus of mandible
Action: elevate mandible
Nerve: trigeminal nerve / CN V (foramen ovale)
Masseter
(11.7a)

7. Muscles of mastication
Temporalis
O: temporal fossa
I: coronoid process of mandible
Action: elevate and retract mandible
Nerve: trigeminal n. / CN V
(11.7a)

8. Muscles of mastication
Buccinator
O: molar area of mandible/ maxilla
I: orbicularis oris
Action: compresses cheek

9. Muscles of neck & throat
Sternocleidomastoid
O: manubrium & medial clavicle
I: mastoid process of temporal bone
Action: head & neck flexion, rotate head contralaterally
Nerve: accessory n. / CN XI
(11.8a)

10. Muscles of neck & throat
Sternocleidomastoid

11. Extrinsic tongue muscles
Styloglossus
O: styloid process of temporal bone
I: tongue
Action: retract & elevate tongue
Nerve: hypoglossal n. / CN XII
Styloglossus
(11.7c)

12. Extrinsic tongue muscles
Hyoglossus
O: hyoid bone
I: tongue
Action: depresses tongue
Nerve: hypoglossal n. / CN XII
Hyoid bone
(11.7c)

13. Muscles of neck & throat
Digastric
two muscle bellies with an intermediate tendon attached to the hyoid bone
O: inferior margin of mandible (anterior belly); mastoid process of temporal bone (posterior belly)
I: hyoid bone
Action: elevate hyoid, stabilize hyoid, depress mandible
Nerve: trigeminal n. / CN V (anterior belly), facial n. / CN VII (posterior belly)
Posterior belly
Anterior belly
(11.8a)

14. Muscles of neck & throat
Stylohyoid
O: styloid process of temporal bone
I: hyoid bone
Action: elevate & retract hyoid, swallow
Nerve: facial n. / CN VII
Stylohyoid
(11.7c)

15. Muscles of neck & throat
Sternohyoid
O: manubrium & medial end of clavicle
I: hyoid bone
Action: depress hyoid
Sternohyoid
(11.8a)

16. Muscles of neck & throat
Pharyngeal constrictors
O: mandible, pterygoid process, hyoid, laryngeal cartilages
I: posterior medial raphe of pharynx
Action: peristaltic contraction / swallow
Superior
Middle
Inferior
(11.8b)

17. Hip & knee muscles Gluteus muscles Maximus Medius Minimus (deep)
O: post. Ilium/ sacrum; I: gluteal tuberosity
Action: thigh extension; ext. rotation; abduction
Medius
O: post. Ilium; I: gluteal tuberosity
Action: thigh abduction
Minimus (deep)

18. Hip & knee muscles O: post. Ilium; I: gluteal tuberosity
Gluteus
minimus
Gluteus muscles
Minimus (deep)
O: post. Ilium; I: gluteal tuberosity
Action: thigh abduction

20. Hip & knee muscles Adductors O: Ischium/ pubis I: femur
Action: adduct thigh
Sartorius
O: ant. Iliac crest
I: medial tibial tuberosity
Action: thigh flexion; abduction; ext. rotation

21. Hip & knee muscles Tensor fasciae latae Iliopsoas Gracilis
O: Iliac crest
I: lateral condyle tibia
Action: thigh abduction
Iliopsoas
O: ilium
I: lesser trochanter
Action: thigh flexion (P.M.)
Gracilis
O: pubis; I: prox. medial tibia
Action: adduct thigh

22. Hip & knee muscles Quadriceps femoris O: Proximal femur
I: tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon
Action: extend knee, flex thigh

23. Hip & knee muscles (deep)
Quadriceps femoris
O: Proximal femur
I: tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon
Action: extend knee, flex thigh
Vastus
lateralis
intermedius
medialis
Patella
Patellar
ligament
Rectus femoris
tendon (cut)

25. Hip & knee muscles Hamstrings O: ischial tuberosity
I: posterior proximal tibia
Action: extend thigh, flex knee

27. Leg muscles Tibialis anterior O: lateral condyle and shaft of tibia
I: tarsal and first metatarsal bones
Action: dorsiflexion
Extensor digitorum longus
O: lat. Condyle tibia; I: phalanges 2-5
Action: extends toes, dorsiflexion

28. Leg muscles Gastrocnemius O: medial & lateral condyles of femur
I: calcaneus via Achilles tendon
Action: plantar flexion,
flex knee
Soleus
plantar flexion
Fibularis
plantar flexion, eversion

31. Back muscles Spinalis (11.9d)
O: spines of upper lumbar and lower thoracic vertebrae
I: spines of upper thoracic and cervical vertebrae
Action: extends vertebral column
(11.9d)

33. Deep thorax muscles External & internal intercostals (11.10a)
O&I: inferior & superior border of ribs
Action: inspiration and expiration
Internal
(11.10a)

34. Deep thorax muscles Diaphragm (11.10b)
O: xiphoid process, ribs , lumbar vertebrae
I: central tendon
Action: flattens on contraction (inspiration)
Nerve: phrenic nerves
Xiphoid process
(11.10b)

36. Abdominal wall muscles
Rectus abdominis
O: pubic crest & symphysis
I: xiphoid process and costal cartilages of ribs 5- 7
Action: flex & rotate lumbar vertebrae, stabilize pelvis during walking, increase intraabdominal pressure
Note: 3 tendinous insertions, aponeurosis & linea alba
(11.11ab)

37. Abdominal wall muscles
Oblique
Internal
external
Transverse

38. Posterior trunk muscles
Trapezius
O: occipital bone, C7- T12 spinous processes
I: acromion, spine of scapula, lateral 1/3 of clavicle
Action: elevate, adduct, depress scapula, extend head
POSTERIOR
VIEW
(11.13b)

39. Posterior trunk muscles
Latissimus dorsi
O: Fascia spines T7- L5
I: intertuburcular groove humerus
Action: PM arm extension, adduction arm

40. Posterior trunk muscles
Rhomboid
O: spinous process C7- T5
I: medial scapula
Action: adduct scapula
Levator scapulae
O: Transverse process C1-C4
I: medial border scapula
Action: elevate scapula

41. Shoulder muscles Deltoid
O: lateral clavicle, acromion & spine of scapula
I: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Action: arm- abduction, flexion, extension, medial & lateral rotation
Anterior
Posterior
(11.13ab)

42. Shoulder muscles Teres major O: medial inferior scapula
I: intertuburcular groove humerus (ant. side)
Action: medial arm rotation, adducts arm

43. Rotator cuff muscles Supraspinatous Infraspinatus  Teres minor
Act to stabilize head of humerus in glenoid cavity and prevent dislocation
S.I.T.S.
Supraspinatous
Infraspinatus 
Teres minor
Subscapularis

44. Rotator cuff muscles: stabilize shoulder
Infraspinatus
O: infraspinous fossa
I: greater tubercle of humerus
Action: lateral rotate humerus
Teres minor
O: inf. lat. Border scapula
I: greater tubercle
POSTERIOR
VIEW
(11.14b)

45. Rotator cuff muscles: stabilize shoulder
Supraspinatus
O: Supraspinous fossa
I: greater tubercle
Action: abduction humerus
POSTERIOR
VIEW

46. Rotator cuff muscles: stabilize shoulder
Subscapularis
O: subscapular fossa
I: lesser tubercle of humerus
Action: medial rotate arm
ANTERIOR
VIEW

49. Shoulder muscles Pectoralis major (11.13a) Nerve: Medial and lateral
O: medial clavicle, sternum, cartilage of ribs 1-6
I: intertubucular groove humerus
Action: arm-flexion, medial rotation, adduction
(11.13a)
Nerve: Medial and lateral
pectoral nerves (C6-C8)

50. Superficial thorax muscles
Pectoralis minor
O: anterior surface of ribs 3-5
I: coracoid process of scapula
Action: with ribs fixed, pulls scapula anterior & inferior; with scapula fixed, pulls ribs superiorly
Nerve: Medial and lateral pectoral nerves (C6-C8)
(11.13a)

51. Elbow muscles Triceps brachii (11.14b)
O: long head- infraglenoid tubercle, lat. & med. heads-posterior shaft of humerus
I: olecranon process of ulna
Action: extend forearm, assist adduction of arm
Nerve: Radial nerve
(11.14b)

52. Elbow muscles Biceps brachii (11.14c)
O: short head-coracoid process, long head-tubercle above glenoid cavity and lip of glenoid cavity (intertubercular groove)
I: radial tuberosity
Action: flex elbow, supinate forearm, weak arm flexor
Nerve: Musculocutaneous nerve (C5 & C6)
(11.14c)

54. Superificial thorax muscles
Serratus anterior
O: ribs 1-9
I: medial border of scapula
Action: hold scapula against chest wall, moves inferior angle of scapula lateral & superior (abduction, pushing, punching)
(11.13a,8.1a reversed)

55. Superficial thorax muscles

56. Forearm muscles Flexor carpi (radialis & ulnaris) radialis ulnaris
O: medial epicondyle of humerus, ulna
I: metacarpals and carpals
Action: wrist flexion, abduct & adduct hand
Carpal tunnel (Median nerve) syndrome p. 184
radialis
ulnaris
(11.15a)
Anterior view

58. Forearm muscles Extensor carpi O: lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: base of metacarpals
Action: extend, abduct, and adducts wrist
Palpate forearm muscles