1. Men's Health Awareness lets talk balls!!!!
By Dr PZ Buthelezi-Mlambo

2. Cryptorchidism Under scented testis
occurs on 30% of premature and 4% term born babies
6/12 tend to descent on its own in half of babies
if spontaneous descending doesn’t occur the surgical treatment is indicated because the undescended testes may be damage which could affect fertility later or lead to medical problems
Retractile testes is normal condition in which testes reside in scrotum but temporary retract or pull back into the groin

3. Scrotal swelling Treatment: (Depends on causes) For example:
Injury
Underlying medical condition:eg ---testicular cancer
-vericocel (abnormal enlarged veins in scroutum,
- orchitis( inflammation of testes)
-congestive of heart failure
Accumalazation of fluid(Hydrocele)
May be painless or very painful which is serious and needs emergency treatment mainly caused by
=testicular torsions: injury that causes testicles in scrotal sac to twist which cuts off blood circulation
Treatment: (Depends on causes)
For example:
Infection: antibiotics
If vercocele, hernia or hydrocele: surgery
Testicular cancer: will depend on severity of cancer . Eg. chemotherapy or radiotherapy

4. Scrotal swelling

5. Phimosisand Paraphimosis
Symptoms: inability to retract foreskins which leads to difficult in cleaning the area which can cause balanitis which is painful urination, painful erection, itchy glans
Paraphimosis: occurs when the fore skin once retracted cannot return to its original location, the skin is trapped behind the groove of the coronal sulcus
Treatment: Circumcision
it can reduce the risk of caner of penis
it can reduce the risk of urinary track infection
lower the risk of certain sexual transmitted disease eg HIV
lower the risk of cancer of cervix in sexual partners
Phimosis-> Inability to retract the foreskin behind the glans
Types:
1.Physiological phimosis in which children are born with a tight foreskins and separation occurs during late childhood and early adolescence
2. Pathological Phimosis occurs due to infection, inflammation or scarring usually found in uncircumcised adult men
Causes: Physiological phimosis is present at birth and resolve without interventions.
-Patholgical is caused by: scarring, balanitis , underlying medical risk factors

6. Phimosis and Paraphimosis

7. Erectile dysfunction 1.Viagra, - Dynafil, Cialis
Definition: Regular or repeated inability to obtain or maintain an erection
Causes
1. Psychological causes:-
- performance anxiety
-stress
-mental disorder
2. smoking is the key cause of impotence and erectile dysfunction, it causes arterial narrowing
3.Hypertension
4.Diabeites Mellitus
5.Cholesteremia
6. Obesity
7 Trauma from prostatectomy surgery
6. Hormonal insufficiency (hypogonadism)
7. Drugs side Effect eg: antidepressants and, nicotin
8. Aging- four times higher in man in the 60’s
9. Ascernic poisoning –from contaminated water
Complications:-relationship difficulties ending in divorcing/Adultery, low self- esteem
Treatment: eg -
1.Viagra, - Dynafil, Cialis
2.njections(mans clinic)
3.Penile prosthesis
4. Reconstructive surgery

8. Erectile dysfunction

9. Prostate cancer
Risk factors: Age 50 yrs and older- undergo a yearly digital rectal examination and blood testing for Prostatic specific antigen
Family history of prostate cancer…. Start screening at age 40yrs
Obesity
High blood pressure
African( black)
STI( Gonorrhoea, syphilis)
prostatis
Nutritional Recommendation:
Soya, Vegetables, fish and low in calories or fat food, fruits, garlic, tomatoes, olive oil
Treatment: depends on the stage of cancer
-watchful waiting or active surveillance
-Surgery radiation therapy
-Hormone therapy – biologic therapy
-Bisphosphonate therapy - targeted therapy
Definition: Second most common form of cancer that develops in the prostate which is slow growing .
Prostate is a gland in the male reproductive system that makes and store seminal fluid.
Signs and Symptoms:
1.Difficulty initiating and stopping urine stream
2.Frequent urination
3. Pain or burning urination
4.Nocturia (increase urination at night)
5. Haemturia
6. Pain on ejaculation
6. Bladder obstruction – not urinating or urinating very little despite drinking enough fluids
7.Backache pains eg. Hips or thighs

10. Prostate cancer

11. Ten pointers to men's health
Know your health status with an annual medical check-up
Know your ideal weight and maintain
Watch your salt
Do not smoke
Take medicines as prescribed by your doctors
see your doctor regularly
Exercise regularly
Live a healthy life

12. Stay blessed