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Muscle Memory
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Sternocleidomastoid Location – Neck Movement –
Head Flexion and rotation Extra Origin - Manubrium of sternum and medial portion of clavicle. Insertion – Mastoid process of temporal bone and superior nuchal line of occipital bone. Nerve Supply – Accessory Nerve (Cranial nerve XI)
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Pectoralis Major Location – Movement – Extra Origin – Insertion –
Chest Movement – Shoulder Flexion Internal Rotation Shoulder Adduction Extra Origin – Sternal end of clavicle, sternum, cartilage of ribs 1-6 and aponeurosis of external oblique muscle. Insertion – Fibers converge to insert by a short tendon into intertubercular groove of humerus. Nerve Supply – Lateral and Medial Pectoral Nerves Pulls rib cage upward, thus helps in climbing, throwing, pushing and forced inspiration.
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Pectoralis Minor Location – Chest Movement –
Stabilizes scapula by drawing it inferiorly and anteriorly against thoracic wall Extras Origin – 3rd to 5th ribs near their costal cartilages Insertion – Medial border and superior surface of coracoid process of scapula Nerve Supply – Medial pectoral nerves (C8, T1)
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Biceps Brachii Location- Anterior upper arm Movement – Elbow Flexion
Forearm Supination Extra Has 2 origins (bi) Short head - coracoid process Long head – tubercle above glenoid cavity Insertion Radial Tuberosity Nerve Supply Musculocutaneous Nerve
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Brachialis Location – Proximal to the elbow in supination. Movement –
Elbow flexion Extras Origin – Distal half of anterior surface of humerus Insertion – Coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna Nerve Supply – Musculocutaneous nerve (C5 and C6) (C5, C6)
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Brachioradialis Location – Front of forearm. Movement – Elbow Flexion
Forearm Pronation Forearm Supination Extras Origin – Lower 2/3 of lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus. Insertion – Styloid process of radius. Nerve Supply – Radial Nerve
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Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
Location – Anterior aspect of the elbow in supination. Movement – Flexes proximal phalanges at matacarpophalangeal joints . Flexes middle phalanges at proximal interphalangeal joints of medial 4 fingers. Extras Origin - Humeroulnar head: medial epicondyle of humerus, ulnar collateral ligament, and coronoid process of ulna; Radial head: superior half of anterior border of radius Insertion – Bodies of middle phalanges of digits 2 - 5 Nerve Supply – Median nerve (C7, C8 and T1) (C7, C8, T1)
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Palmaris Longus Location- Inside of forearm Movement-
Weak wrist flexion Tenses skin and fascia of palm during hand movements. Extra Origin- Medial epicondyle of humerus Insertion- Palmar aponeurosis, skin and fascia of palm. Nerve Supply- Median nerve Some people don’t have one (14%) Touch your pointer finger with your 5th finger and flex your wrist to see it.
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Pronator Teres Location – Anterior aspect of the elbow in supination.
Movement – Forearm Pronation Elbow Flexion Extras Origin - Medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna Insertion – Middle of lateral surface of radius Nerve Supply – Median nerve (C6 and C7) (C6, C7)
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Trapezius Location- Upper Back Movement –
Stabilizes, raises, retracts, and rotates Scapula Extra Origin Occipital bone, spines of C7-T12 Insertion Along Acromion and spine of scapula and Lat. 1/3 of clavicle Nerve Supply Accessory Nerve
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Levator Scapulae Location – Back of the neck. Movement –
Scapula Elevation. Extras Origin – Transverse processes of C1 – C4 Insertion – Medial border of scapula, superior to the spine. Nerve Supply – Cervical spinal nerves Dorsal scapular nerve
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Rhomboid Minor Location – Upper back Between scapula and spine
Movement – Retract scapula Rotate scapula to depress glenoid cavity Fix scapula to thoracic wall Extra Origin – Nuchal ligament and spinous processes of C7 and T1 vertebrae. Insertion – Medial border of scapula from level of spine to inferior angle. Nerve Supply – Dorsal scapular nerve ( C4 and C5)
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Rhomboid Major Location – Back Between the scapula and the spine
Movement – Retract scapula and rotate it to depress glenoid cavity Fix scapula to thoracic wall Extras Origin – Spinous processes of T2 - T5 vertebrae Insertion – Medial border of scapula from level of spine to inferior angle Nerve Supply – Dorsal scapular nerve ( C4 and C5) (C4, C5)
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Triceps Brachii Location – Back of the arm Movement – Elbow Extension
Extras Origin – LH: Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula LTH: Posterior shaft of humerus MH: Posterior humeral shaft distal to radial groove. Insertion – By common tendon into olecranon process of ulna. Nerve Supply – Radial Nerve
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Latissimus Dorsi Location – Inferior back Movement –
Shoulder Extension Shoulder Adduction Shoulder Internal rotation Extras Origin - Spinous processes of inferior 6 thoracic vertebrae, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, and inferior 3 or 4 ribs Insertion – Floor of intertubercular groove of humerus Nerve Supply – Thoracodorsal nerve (C6, C7, and C8) (C6, C7, C8)
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Supraspinatus Location – Top of the shoulder On the scapula Movement –
Shoulder abduction. Extra Origin – Supraspinous fossa Insertion – Superior facet of the greater tubercle of humerus. Nerve Supply – Suprascapular nerve. Part of the rotator cuff. Stabilizes the humeral head in the glenoid fossa. Action is controversial.
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Infraspinatus Location – Scapula Back Movement –
Helps to hold head of humerus in gleniod cavity. Stabilizing shoulder joint External rotation Extra Origin – Infraspinous fossa of scapula. Insertion – Greater tubercle of humerus posterior to insertion of supraspinatus. Nerve Supply – Suprascapular Part of Rotator Cuff.
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Teres Minor Location – Back Inferior scapula Movement –
Shoulder External Rotation. Helps hold humeral head in glenoid cavity. Extras Origin - Superior part of lateral border of scapula Insertion – Inferior facet on greater tuberosity of humerus Nerve Supply – Axillary nerve (C5 and C6) (C5, C6)
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Subscapularis Location – Inside of the scapula Movement –
Shoulder Adduction Shoulder Internal Rotation. Extras Origin - Subscapular fossa of scapula Insertion – Lesser tuberosity of humerus Nerve Supply – Upper and lower subscapular nerves (C5, C6 and C7) (C5, C6, C7)
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Teres Major Location – Back Lower scapula Movement –
Shoulder adduction Shoulder internal rotation Extras Origin – Dorsal surface of inferior angle of scapula. Insertion – Medial lip of intertubercular groove of humerus. Nerve Supply – Subscapular nerve
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Serratus Anterior Location – Side of the rib cage Movement –
Draws scapula forward and upward. Abducts and rotates scapula. Stabilizes vertebral border of scapula. Extras Origin - Superolateral surfaces of upper 8 or 9 ribs at the side of chest Insertion – Vertebral border of scapula Nerve Supply – Long thoracic nerve (C5, C6, C7) (C5, C6, C7)
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Anterior Deltoid Location –
Superior and anterior aspect of the shoulder. Movement – Shoulder Flexion Shoulder Internal rotation Extras Origin - Lateral third of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula Insertion – Deltoid tuberosity of humerus Nerve Suppley – Axillary nerve (C5 and C6) (C5, C6)
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Middle Deltoid Location- Top of shoulder Upper arm Movement-
Shoulder Abduction (3) Extras 3 total deltoid muscles Origin- Embraces insertion of the trapezius lateral 1/3 of clavicle acromion and spine of scapula Insertion- Deltoid tuberosity of humerus. Nerve Supply- Axillary nerve
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Posterior Deltoid Location – Top and posterior of shoulder Movement –
Transverse Extension. Shoulder Abduction (3) Extras Origin – Lower lip of posterior border of spine of scapula as far back as medial end. Insertion – Deltoid tuberosity of humerus. Nerve Supply – Axillary Nerve
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Iliopsoas Psoas major Psoas minor Iliacus Location – Abdomen
Combination of 3 muscles: Psoas major Psoas minor Iliacus Location – Abdomen Movement – Torso Flexion Hip Flexion Extras Origin – Anterior surfaces and lower borders of transverse processes of L1 - L5 and bodies and discs of T12 - L5 Insertion – Lesser trochanter Nerve Supply – Direct fibers of L1 - L3 of lumbar plexus (L1, L2, L3)
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Sartorius Location – Anterior aspect of the thigh
Medial aspect of the knee. Movement – Hip Flexion Hip External Rotation Knee Flexion. Extras Origin – Anterior superior iliac spine . Insertion – Superior aspect of the medial surface of the tibial shaft near the tibial tuberosity. Nerve Supply – Femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)
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Rectus Femoris Location- Middle, Front Thigh Movement – Knee Extension
Hip Flexion Extra Origin Anterior Inferior Illiac Spine Insertion Patella and Tibial Tuberosity via Patellar Ligament Nerve Supply Femoral Nerve
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Vastus Lateralis Location – Anterior aspect of thigh. Movement –
Knee Extension Extras Origin – Superior portion of intertrochanteric line, anterior and inferior borders of greater trochanter, superior portion of lateral lip of linea aspera, and lateral portion of gluteal tuberosity of femur. Insertion – Lateral base and border of patella; also forms the lateral patellar retinaculum and lateral side of quadriceps femoris tendon. Nerve Supply – Muscular branches of femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)
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Vastus Medialis Location – Front of thigh Movement – Extends knee
Stabilize patella Extras Origin – Linea aspera, intertrochanteric line. Insertion – As for rectus femoris Nerve Supply – Femoral Nerve Part of the Quadriceps muscle group. Tear drop on the inside is called the ‘oblique.’
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Vastus Intermedius Location – Anterior aspect of the thigh. Movement –
Knee Extension (4) Extras Origin – Superior 2/3 of anterior and lateral surfaces of femur; also from lateral intermuscular septum of thigh Insertion – Lateral border of patella; also forms the deep portion of the quadriceps tendon Nerve Supply – Muscular branches of femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)
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Anterior Tibialis Location – Front of lower leg Movement –
Dorsiflexion of ankle. Extra Origin – Lateral condyle and upper 2/3 of tibial shaft; interosseous membrane. Insertion – By tendon into inferior surface of medial cuneiform and first metatarsal bone. Nerve Supply – Deep fibular nerve Muscle associated with shin splints.
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Gluteus Maximus Location – Butt Backside Movement – Hip extension.
Hip external rotation. Hip abduction. Extras Origin – Posterior aspect of dorsal ilium posterior to posterior gluteal line, posterior superior iliac crest, posterior inferior aspect of sacrum and coccyx, and sacrotuberous ligament. Insertion – Primarily in fascia lata at the iliotibial band; also into the gluteal tuberosity on posterior femoral surface. Nerve Supply – Inferior gluteal nerve
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Gluteus Medius Location- Back side. Buttocks Movement- Hip Abduction
Hip internal rotation Extras Origin- Between anterior and posterior gluteal lines on lateral surface of ilium Insertion- By short tendon into lateral aspect of greater trochanter of femur Nerve Supply- Superior gluteal nerve Important in walking Muscle of limb planted on ground tilts or holds pelvis in abduction so that pelvis on side of swinging limb does not sag. The foot of swinging limb can thus clear the ground.
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Gluteus Minimus Location – Lateral aspect of the hip. Movement –
Hip Abduction (3) Hip Internal rotation. Extras Origin – Dorsal ilium between inferior and anterior gluteal lines; also from edge of greater sciatic notch Insertion – Anterior surface of greater trochanter Nerve Supply – Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1) (L4, L5, S1)
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Gastrocnemius Location – Posterior lower leg Movement –
Plantarflexes foot when knee extended Knee flexion when ankle dorsiflexed Extra Origin – By two heads from medial and lateral condyles of femur. Insertion – Posterior calcaneus via calcaneal tendon. Nerve Supply – Tibial Nerve
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Soleus Location – Posterior aspect of the lower leg.
Under the gastrocnemius. Movement – Ankle Plantarflexion Extras Origin – Posterior aspect of fibular head, upper 1/4 - 1/3 of posterior surface of fibula, middle 1/3 of medial border of tibial shaft, and from posterior surface of a tendinous arch spanning the two sites of bone origin Insertion – Eventually unites with the gastrocnemius aponeurosis to form the Achilles tendon, inserting on the middle 1/3 of the posterior calcaneal surface Nerve Supply – Tibial nerve (S1, S2) (S1, S2)
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Semitendinosus Location – Posterior aspect of the thigh. Movement –
Knee Flexion Hip Extension Tibia internal rotation when knee is flexed. Extras Origin – From common tendon with long head of biceps femoris from superior medial quadrant of the posterior portion of the ischial tuberosity Insertion – Superior aspect of medial portion of tibial shaft Nerve Supply – Tibial nerve (L5, S1, S2)
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Semimebranosus Location – Back of the thigh. Movement – Knee Flexion
Hip extension and internal rotation. Extra Part of the Hamstring group. Origin – Ischial tuberosity Insertion – Medial condyle of tibia. Nerve Supply – Sciatic nerve.
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Biceps Femoris Location – Back of the thigh. Movement –
Knee Flexion (3) Rotates the tibia laterally. Extends the hip joint Extras Origin – Common tendon with semitendinosus from superior medial quadrant of the posterior portion of the ischial tuberosity Insertion – Primarily on fibular head; also on lateral collateral ligament and lateral tibial condyle Nerve Supply – Tibial nerve (L5, S1, S2)
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Tensor Fasciae Latae Location – Lateral aspect of the upper leg.
Movement – Helps stabilize the hip and knee by putting tension on the iliotibial band of fascia. Extras Origin - Anterior superior iliac spine, outer lip of anterior iliac crest and fascia lata Insertion – Iliotibial band Nerve Supply – Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1) (L4, L5, S1)
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Adductor Longus Location – Inside of the thigh Movement –
Adduction of the hip Hip flexion Extra Origin – Pubic body just below the pubic crest. Insertion – Middle 1/3 of the linea aspera Nerve Supply – Obturator nerve
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Adductor Brevis Location – Inside of thigh Movement – Adducts hip.
Flexes hip. Externally rotates hip. Extras Origin – Anterior surface of inferior pubic ramus, inferior to origin of adductor longus. Insertion – Pectineal line and superior part of medial lip of linea aspera. Nerve Supply – Obturator nerve
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Adductor Magnus Location – Medial aspect of the thigh. Movement –
Hip Adduction (3) Hip Flexion (Horizontal fibers) Hip Extension (Vertical fibers) Extras Origin – Inferior pubic ramus, ischial ramus, and inferolateral area of ischial tuberosity Insertion – Gluteal tuberosity of femur, medial lip of linea aspera, medial supracondylar ridge, and adductor tubercle Nerve Supply – Posterior division of obturator nerve innervates most of the adductor magnus; vertical or hamstring portion innervated by tibial nerve (L2, L3, L4)
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Gracilis Location – Inside of the thigh. Movement –
Hip adduction, flexion, and internal rotation. Extras Origin – Inferior ramus and body of pubis and adjacent ischial ramus. Insertion – Medial surface of tibia just inferior to its medial condyle (Pes Anserinus). Nerve Supply – Obturator nerve.
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Pectineus Location – Inside of the thigh. Movement – Hip Adduction
Hip Flexion Extras Origin – Pecten pubis and pectineal surface of the pubis Insertion – Pectineal line of femur Nerve Supply – Femoral nerve usually, although it may sometimes receive additional innervation from the obturator nerve as well (L2, L3, L4)
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Peroneus Longus Location – Lateral, lower leg Movement –
Ankle Eversion. Ankle Plantarflexion Supports transverse arch Extras Origin – Head of fibula Upper ½ - 2/3 of lateral fibular shaft surface. Insertion – Plantar posterolateral aspect of medial cuneiform. Lateral side of 1st metatarsal base. Nerve Supply – Superficial peroneal nerve.
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