1. EATING OUTDOORS AND OUTDOOR PICNIC FURNITURE
ERGONOMICS & ANTHROPOMETRICS
MECHANISMS AND TRANSPORT
ICT – CAD/CAM – CNC - CIM
COSTS, PARTS & COMPONENTS
DURABILITY
SUITABILITY & DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
SOCIAL & MORAL CONSIDERATIONS
MATERIALS & FINISHES
CONSTRUCTION FIXINGS
MATERIAL PROCESSES
QUANTITY PRODUCTION
HEALTH AND SAFETY
SMART MATERIALS
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
THIS IS THE CONTEXT OF SOME QUESTIONS FOR SECTION A.
MAKE A STUDY OF OUTDOOR PICNIC FURNITURE AT HOME OR LOCAL PICNIC/RECREATIONAL AREAS.
YOU MUST TAKE COLOURED PENCILS IN TO THE EXAM.

2. QUALITY MATERIALS = QUALITY PRODUCTS.
STUDY THE PICNIC TABLES, CHAIRS & FOOD STORAGE CONTAINERS YOU HAVE AT HOME.
LOOK AT THE EXAMPLES ON THE BACK OF YOUR PREP SHEET
HIGHLIGHT THE MATERIALS, PROCESSES AND PROPERTIES THAT MAKE IT SAFE FOR OUTDOOR EATING.
PROPERTIES
FOODSTUFF COMPATIBLE !!
GOOD AVAILABILITY !!
VARIETY OF COLOURS !!
QUALITY FINISHES !!
HIGH IMPACT STRENGTH !!
EASY TO CLEAN !!
RESISTS CORROSION !!
LOW IN COSTS !!
QUALITY MATERIALS = QUALITY PRODUCTS.

3. HARDWOOD VERSUS SOFTWOOD
DOUGLAS FIR (COLUMBIAN PINE) – REDDISH BROWN. KNOT FREE STRAIGHT GRAIN. OUTSIDE CONSTRUCTION WORK.
WESTERN RED CEDAR – DARK REDDISH BROWN. KNOTT FREE WITH SILKY GRAIN. WEAK AND EXPENSIVE. OUTDOOR USE FOR CLADDING
TEAK – GOLDEN BROWN. HARD, STRONG AND DURABLE. VERY ATTRACTIVE GRAIN – USED FOR HIGH CLASS FURNITURE
BEECH – PINKISH BROWN WITH FLECKS IN GRAIN. HARD, TOUGH AND STRONG. POLISHES WELL. MOST USED FOR CHAIRS AND FLOORS.
OAK – LIGHT TO DARK BROWN WITH SILVER GRAIN. STRONG, DURABLE WITH LITTLE SHRINKAGE – BOAT BUILDING – NATURAL RESISTANCE TO MOISTURE AND HIGH CLASS FURNITURE.
MAHOGANY – REDDISH BROWN. PLENTIFUL SUPPLY, EASY TO WORK WITH AND GOOD FINISH
ELM – LIGHT REDDISH BROWN. TOUGH, ELASTIC AND DURABLE. USED FOR TURNING AND CONSTRUCTION WORK

4. PROPERTIES HARDWOODS. SOFTWOODS. CONIFEROUS TREES
GROW IN COLDER TEMPERATURES
KEEP THEIR LEAVES ALL YEAR ROUND
GROW QUICKLY YEARS
LESS EXPENSIVE – READILY AVAILABLE
GOOD CONSTRUCTIONAL TIMBER AND GENERAL WOODWORKING PROJECTS
BROADLEAF OR DECIDUOUS TREES
GROW IN WARM TEMPERATURES
LOSE THEIR LEAVES IN WINTER
GROW SLOWLY – 100YEARS
MORE EXPENSIVE
BETTER GRAIN STRUCTURE FOR IMPROVED QUALITY FINISH

5. FERROUS VERSUS NON-FERROUS
CAST IRON – GREYISH WHITE. HARD SKIN WITH BRITTLE CORE. CANNOT BE BENT. HEAVY MACHINES OR VICES
MILD STEEL – LIGHT GREY. ALLOY OF IRON & CARBON. TOUGH AND DUCTILE. EASILY WORKED OR JOINED. NAILS, SCREWS AND GIRDERS
STAINLESS STEEL – HARD AND TOUGH, RESISTS WEAR, CORROSION RESISTANT. DIFFICULT TO WORK WITH BUT IDEAL FOR LINKAGES AND FOLDING MECHANISMS
ALUMINIUM – SILVERY GREY. HIGH STRENGTH TO WEIGHT RATIO. DIFFICULT TO JOIN. WINDOW FRAMES. EXCELLENT FOR EXTRUSION.
TIN PLATE – GREY SHEET. SOFT AND WEAK, BENDS WITH STEEL CORE. TIN CANS ETC.
BRASS – LIGHT GOLD. ALLOY OF COPPER AND ZINC. WORK HARDENS EASY. ORNAMENTAL.
TASK - Find out about
EXTRUSION

6. PROPERTIES NON-FERROUS FERROUS CONTAINS NO IRON
LESS VULNERABLE TO CORROSION – RUST
MAINLY PURE METALS
CAN BE MIXED WITH ONE ANOTHER TO OBTAIN REQUIRED CHARACTERISTICS.
ALL ARE GENERALLY EASY TO WORK WITH
CONTAINS IRON
VULNERABLE TO CORROSION – RUST
MIXED WITH CARBON TO OBTAIN ALLOY STEELS OF VARYING STRENGTHS
ONLY MILD STEEL IS EASY TO WORK WITH
COMMON TO BOTH
ELASTICITY
PLASTICITY
MALLEABILITY
DUCTILITY
HARDNESS
TOUGHNESS

7. DESCRIPTIONS
DUCTILITY – THE ABILITY TO UNDERGO COLD PLASTIC DEFORMATION
ELASTICITY – THE ABILITY TO FLEX AND BEND WHEN FORCED.
COMMON TO BOTH
ELASTICITY
PLASTICITY
MALLEABILITY
DUCTILITY
HARDNESS
TOUGHNESS
PLASTICITY – ABILITY TO BE CHANGED PERMANENTLY THROUGH EXTERNAL BLOWS
HARDNESS – THE ABILITY TO RESIST WEAR AND ABRASION – USUALLY BRITTLE
MALLEABILITY – THE EXTENT TO WHICH A MATERIAL CAN PERMANENTLY DEFORM IN ALL DIRECTIONS WITHOUT CRACKING
TOUGHNESS – THE ABILITY TO WITHSTAND SUDDEN SHOCKS OR IMPACT. RESISTS CRACKING WHEN BENDING

8. THERMOSETTING VERSUS THERMO
UREA FORMALDEHYDE – STIFF, HARD, STRONG AND BRITTLE. RESISTS HEAT AND RANGE OF COLOURS. ELECTRICAL FITTINGS
MELAMINE FORMALDEHYDE – STIFF, HARD, STRONG, SCRATCH RESISTANT. RANGE OF COLOURS. TABLE WARE AND LAMINATES.
POLYESTER RESIN – STIFF, HARD AND BRITTLE. ELECTRIC RESISTANCE. CASTING, GRP, CAR BODIES ETC.
EPOXY RESIN – HIGH STRENGTH RESISTANCE TO WEARING. ADHESIVE, SURFACE COATING, PCB COMPONENTS ETC.
POLYTHENE – LOW AND HIGH DENSITY. FLEXIBLE. RANGE OF COLOURS. FOOD CONTAINERS, CASINGS PLATES AND CUPS ETC.
HDPE – STIIF AND HARD, MAINTAINS RIGIDITY IN HIGH SUNLIGHT. STERILE FOR FOODSTUFFS – CUTLERY ETC.
TOUGHENED POLYSTYRENE – LIGHTWEIGHT, STIFF, WATER RESISTANT, FOOD SAFE, GOOD INSULATOR
ACRYLIC – STIFF, HARD AND DURABLE. VARIETY OF COLOURS, CASINGS AND GARDEN FURNITURE.
Investigate what material could be used to make a food container?

9. PROPERTIES THERMOSETTING THERMO
LONG CHAIN MOLECULES THAT ARE ENTANGLED BUT FLEXIBLE
CAN BE RE-SHAPED WITH LITTLE HEAT
VARIETY OF COLOURS
PLASTIC MEMORY THAT ALLOWS THEM TO RETURN TO ORIGINAL SHAPE
LONG CHAIN MOLECULES THAT ARE CHEMICALLY BONDED TOGETHER
RIGID AND NON FLEXIBLE
HIGH RESISTANCE TO HEAT
GOOD ELECTRICAL INSULATORS
Task – What would be the social and environmental impact of leaving litter after a picnic?