1. Mapping Wildland Dr Steve Carver University of Leeds

2. Outline Why? Methods and previous work Examples New results for Wales Discussion

3. Why map wildland? “One man’s wilderness is another’s roadside picnic ground” (Nash, 1982) “It’s about time that environmentalists supported their arguments... [about landscape aesthetics] with numbers” (Leopold, 1969)

4. Recent threats Renewable energy developments –Wind farms and HEP –E.g. Cefn Croes and TAN8

5. Methods Wilderness Continuum Concept –Remoteness from population and access –Naturalness of vegetation and lack of human artefacts (Lesslie and Maslen, 1995) GIS methods –Multi-criteria evaluation (Carver & Fritz, 1998) –Fuzzy modelling (Fritz et al., 2000) –Public participation GIS (Carver et al., 2002) –Historic trends (Carver and Wrightham, 2004) –Perception surveys (Carver et al., 2005)

9. Remoteness from populationRemoteness from access

10. Apparent naturalness Biophysical naturalness

11. Wildland continuum Wildland class

12. Top 10% wildest Top 20% wildest

13. Discussion Relevant mapping issues –User choices Criteria, thresholds and weights Fuzzy concepts –Spatial variability –Scale Problematic but necessary –Protection requires identification –Mapping in support of wildland designation –Evaluate impacts from developments –Support the planning process