2. 1 Risk-based Evaluations and Trends of Railway Casualty Accidents on the National Railway of South Korea International Railway Safety Conference 2007 Goa, India 30 th September - 6 th October Chanwoo Park, Jongbae Wang, Yunok Cho, Hyukjin Yoon, Joonam Park

3. 2 IIntroduction Contents II Development of Risk Assessment Model III Risk Assessment Results IVConclusion

4. 3 Railway Accident Classification in South Korea 1. Introduction Railway Traffic Accident Train Accident Train collision accident, Train derailment accident, Train fire accident, Other train accidents Level Crossing Accident Collision or contact between a train and a road vehicle on the railway level crossing (excluding collision between a train and people) Railway Traffic Casualty Accident Passenger casualty accident, Worker casualty accident, MOP casualty accident (including collision between a train and people in level crossings) Train Operation Delay Accident Rolling stock derailment, Rolling stock damages, Rolling stock fire, Rolling stock separation, Rolling stock rolling, Regulation violation such as SPAD, Railway track failure, Electric supply system failure, Signal system failure, Rolling stock failure, etc Railway Safety Accident Railway safety casualty accident, Fire accident, Infrastructure/equipment accident, Construction accident Disaster “The Railway Safety Act was established in 2004 The railway accident report regulation has been set up in 2006” Railway Accident Classification by the R Railway Accident Classification by the Railway Accident Report Regulation

5. 4 Railway Casualty Accident 1. Introduction l l Excluding train derailment, train collision, train fires/explosion l l Excluding collision between a train and a road vehicle on the railway level crossing l l Including suspected suicide l l Including collision between a train and people in level crossings l l Excluding train derailment, train collision, train fires/explosion l l Excluding collision between a train and a road vehicle on the railway level crossing l l Including suspected suicide l l Including collision between a train and people in level crossings Casualty accidents in both railway traffic accidents and safety accidents All kinds of accidents that cause Injuries of people on railway premises The railway casualty accident refers to …..

6. 5 Railway Casualty Accident Situation on the Main Line 1. Introduction Accident Frequency per YearFatalities and Weighted Injuries (FWI/Year) “the number of casualty accidents occupies more than 50% of railway accidents and 90% of the total risk of railway in South Korea.” 0.1 of a fatality for major injury 0.005 of a fatality for minor injury.

7. 6 1. Introduction Research Objectives Quantitative Risk Evaluation of Casualty Accidents for Passengers, Railway Staffs and MOP (Member of public) Hazard Identification / Preliminary Hazard Analysis (PHA) Frequency Analysis Consequence Analysis Risk Analysis Interaction analysis between hazardous events and hazardous condition WWW Safety regulations, Published sources Accident related reports Accident Analysis

8. 7 2. Development of Risk Assessment Model Risk Analysis Process Hazard Identification Causal Analysis Consequence Analysis Loss Analysis Options Analysis Impact Analysis Demonstration Of ALARP and Compliance - Railtrack, Yellow Book 3: Fundamentals and Guidance, 2000 -

9. 8 2. Development of Risk Assessment Model Overall Procedures Railway Accident Appearance Scenarios Railway Accident Appearance Scenarios FTA Model Railway Accident Progress Scenarios Railway Accident Progress Scenarios ETA Model Casual Analysis Consequence Analysis Hazard Identification Defining the Initiating Hazardous Events Development of Accident Scenarios Risk Assessment (Loss Analysis) HazardousEvents

10. 9 2. Development of Risk Assessment Model Initiating Hazardous Events Railway CategoryInitiating Hazardous Events Railway Traffic Casualty Accident People struck/crushed Striking with train, Striking with objects Trip/Slip Trip/slip during train boarding/alighting, Trip/slip by train emergency braking/emergency start FallingFalling from train, Falling from platform during train boarding/alighting Caught/DraggedCaught in a train door, Caught between platform and train OthersElectric Shock, Burn, Suffocation Railway safety accident People struck/crushed Striking with rolling stock, Striking with objects Trip/Slip Trip/slip inside station premises, Trip/slip on track/level crossing, Trip/slip inside rolling stock, Trip/slip at workplace Falling Falling from rolling stock, Falling from rolling stock roof, Falling during elevated work, Falling from railway structure, Falling from platform Caught/Dragged Caught in installations inside rolling stock, Caught in railway structure of station, Caught in work equipment/objects Electric ShockElectric shock in rolling stock and railway structure BurnBurn in rolling stock and railway structure SuffocationSuffocation in rolling stock and railway structure OthersPatient occurrence, Assault/threat, Discovery for casualties

11. 10 2. Development of Risk Assessment Model Accident Appearance Scenario Structure HazardousEvent Hazardous Factor 1 HumanFactorsTechnicalFactorsThirdPartyHazard Hazardous Factor X HumanFactorsTechnicalFactorsThirdPartyHazard The number of …… l. l Hazardous events is 28. l l Appearance scenarios including hazardous factors is 282. l l Detailed hazardous factors is 47. l. l Accident appearance scenarios is 13,254. l. l Hazardous events is 28. l l Appearance scenarios including hazardous factors is 282. l l Detailed hazardous factors is 47. l. l Accident appearance scenarios is 13,254. Detailed Hazardous Factors

12. 11 2. Development of Risk Assessment Model Accident Appearance Scenario Example

13. 12 2. Development of Risk Assessment Model Accident Progress Scenario Structure Critical factors influencing accident severity were identified in the accident progress scenarios” Example of the Accident Progress Scenarios

14. 13 2. Development of Risk Assessment Model Accident Analysis Information System 1) railway operation data processing part; 2) accident/incident data processing part; 3) hazard list management part; 4) hazardous event management part; 5) environment condition management part; 6) safety measure management part; 7) statistical analysis part of accident/incident data; 8) accident scenario creation/management part Railway Accident Analysis Information System Railway Accident Analysis Information System Accident/Incident Analysis Statistical Analysis of Accident/Incident Data Accident Scenario Creation/Management

15. 14 3. Risk Assessment Results Railway Casualty Accident Data Analysis Railway accident data for two years (2004 – 2005) on the main line of South Korea were analyzed. In the case of rare events not available from accident data, each risk were assessed using engineering judgments. Total risk per year: 182.9 Average Frequency per year: 447.0 Injured People Fatalities and Weighted Injuries (FWI)/Year ValuesPercentages Passenger53.029.0% Member of public (MOP)115.363.1% Staff14.57.9% Total182.8100.0%

16. 15 3. Risk Assessment Results Total Risk for Railway Casualty Accidents

17. 16 3. Risk Assessment Results Average Frequency/yr for Hazardous Events

18. 17 3. Risk Assessment Results Risk for Hazardous Events

19. 18 3. Risk Assessment Results Risk for Train Striking Events

20. 19 3. Risk Assessment Results Risk Profile

21. 20 4. Conclusion l Risk model based on the accident scenarios. l Totally 28 initiating hazardous events l Accident frequency assessment model using the FTA technique l Consequence estimation model using the FTA technique l Risk model based on the accident scenarios. l Totally 28 initiating hazardous events l Accident frequency assessment model using the FTA technique l Consequence estimation model using the FTA technique Development of risk assessment model for the railway casualty accidents l Total overall risk per year: 182.9 l Risk per year for passenger, MOP, and staff: 53, 115.3, 14.5 l Risk of “people striking with train” event: 86.7% l Risk of “trespassers on the open tracks between stations” event: 49.2% l Total overall risk per year: 182.9 l Risk per year for passenger, MOP, and staff: 53, 115.3, 14.5 l Risk of “people striking with train” event: 86.7% l Risk of “trespassers on the open tracks between stations” event: 49.2% Risk assessment for railway casualty accidents “First step in the risk assessment of railway casualty accidents in Korea Application to the definition of the risk reduction measures”

22. 21 Thank you!