1. Insurance and Pension Fund Operations
CHAPTER 25
Insurance and Pension Fund Operations

2. CHAPTER 25 OVERVIEW This chapter will:
A. Describe the main uses of insurance company funds
B. Explain the exposure of insurance companies to various forms of risk
C. Identify the factors that affect the value of insurance companies
D. Describe the common types of private pension plans
E. Explain how pension funds are managed

3. Insurance Company
Provide various insurance and investment services to individuals and charge a fee called premium.
Life insurance, property and casualty insurance, health insurance, and business insurance.
Adverse selection problem-those who are most likely to need insurance are most likely to purchase it.
Moral hazard problem-insurance can cause the insured to take more risks because they are protected.

4. Premium Determination
Premium is based on the probability of the condition under which the company will have to provide a payment to the insured (or beneficiary) and the potential size of the payment.
Competition
Adverse selection problem
Moral hazard problem

5. Main Sources of Funds Insurance premium
Provision of annuity plans, which offer a predetermined amount of retirement income to individuals.
Investment
Equity

6. Exhibit 25.1 Distribution of U.S. Life Insurance Company Income
Source: 2007 Life Insurance Fact Book

7. Uses of Funds a. Government Securities b. Corporate Securities
c. Mortgages
d. Real Estate
e. Policy Loans

8. Exhibit 25.2 Assets of U.S. Life Insurance Companies
Source: 2007 Life Insurance Fact Book

9. Exhibit 25.4 Assets of Property and Casualty Insurance Companies
Source: Federal Reserve

10. Risk Exposure 1. Interest Rate Risk 2. Credit Risk 3. Market Risk
4. Liquidity Risk

11. Exhibit 25.6 Participation of Insurance Companies in Financial markets

12. Property and Casualty Reinsurance
Property and casualty insurance commonly obtain reinsurance, which the insurance company allocates a portion of their return and risk to other insurance companies.

13. Regulation of Insurance Companies
a. Regulated by state agencies
b. Insurance company agents must be licensed
c. National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC)
d. Regulation of Capital

14. D. Common Types of Pension Funds
1. Background
a. Public Pension Funds
b. Private Pension Plans
1.) Defined-Benefit Plan
2.) Defined-Contribution Plan
c. Underfunded Pensions

15. Pension and Pension Funds
Pension plans provide a savings plan for employees that can be used for retirement, e.g. 401K. They receive premium from the employer and/or the employee.

16. Common Types of Pension Funds
1. Public pension funds
for example, Social Security
2. Private pension funds

17. Pension Fund Management
1. Management of Insured plans
pension funds are managed by life insurance companies. Contributions are often used to purchase annuity policies. The investment concentrates on bonds and mortgages.
2. Management of Trust Portfolios
pension funds are managed by the trust department of financial institutions such as commercial banks. The investment concentrates on stocks.

18. Exhibit 25.10 Participation of Pension Funds in Financial Markets

19. Homework Assignment 15
Questions: