1. The Production and Invasion of Buddleja davidii in Oregon Julie Ream with Dr. James Altland

3. Butterfly bush worldwide Grows on old industrial sites and bomb sites in England Problem on river bars, floodplains, and forest plantations in New Zealand Thrives on interstate medians and rivers in Washington state

4. Butterfly bush in Oregon High value product in nursery, landscape, and retail garden industry B-listed as a noxious weed

5. Why butterfly bush was listed Very invasive in certain riparian areas Grows on many roads in Oregon As big a problem as scotch broom for some foresters Thrives where nothing else grows

6. My project goals To describe in detail the natural sites invaded by Buddleja davidii To determine nursery production practices that could limit or eliminate invasiveness

7. Natural sites: materials and methods Site selection: -Planned to do 3-4 sites of each type (riparian, roadside, natural area, old industrial area) in each geographic region -Geographic regions included Portland metro area, Coos Bay area, Oakridge area, and rural North Willamette Valley

9. Natural sites: materials and methods Marked out the area of each site using set guidelines Established 5 subplots per site for certain data questions Simply answered the other data questions

10. Natural sites: observations Grows everywhere from floodplains to mountain slopes Appears to be a pioneering species Densest invasions were on burn sites and regularly disturbed sites Grows mostly in rocky and sandy soils, but found some in clay soils Herbicides control it if applied by hand

11. Natural sites: results

13. Nursery production: materials and methods Visited both retail (9) and production (10) nurseries Asked about management practices Looked for and collected escaped seedlings

14. Nursery production: observations Nurseries that did not cut back over winter had more escaped seedlings Loose cuttings rooted themselves Most nurseries with escapees were wholesale/production operations

15. Nursery production: results Determined that 37% of nurseries I visited had escaped seedlings Of those 37%, 71% were production nurseries

16. More to be done Visit more nurseries and more natural sites Herbicide trials Seed tests -when seeds are released -how far wind blows seeds from mother plant -if seeds need heat to germinate

17. Acknowledgements HHMI Program OAN and the Nursery Industry Dr. Mark Wilson of Botany and Plant Pathology Dept. Rod Jordan of Moore Mills Timber Co. Jim Carr of Menasha Forest Products Portland Parks and Recreation Dr. James Altland of Horticulture Dept. Steve Wickham of Plum Creek Forest Products Wanda Crannell, BRR advisor Tim Butler and Glenn Miller of the ODA The Nature Conservancy Bruce Kelpsas of Helena Chemical Company