1. Very Large Array (VLA) Soccoro, NM Class 5: Astronomy 101 Celestial Motions

2. Class updates: Reading: 18.4, 22.1-22.5, 24.1 Extra credit: Geology Colloquium - Wed./Thurs./Fri. this week (www.geo.utep.edu  2011 Colloquium link)www.geo.utep.edu Homework 2 & Midterm1 returned Today’s topics: Where are we in the universe? Important people Tools of Astronomy Class 5: Astronomy 101 & Celestial Motions Seasons Lunar phases Eclipses

3. Where are we in the universe? Planet? Star-orbiting system? Galaxy? Cluster Group? Supercluster? Universe?

4. Our Cosmic Address

5. A Universal Summary

6. Constellation Orion Stellar Nurseries Hubble

7. Solar System Formation solar nebula

8. Our Solar System rocky planets (Terrestrial) gas planets (Jovian) STANDARD MODEL

9. 1.5 AU Mars Jupiter 1 AU2 AU3 AU4 AU5 AU SUN Venus Mercury 1 AU30 AU10 AU20 AU40 AU5 AU Saturn, 9.5x R earth Uranus, 4.1x R earth Neptune, 4.0x R earth Jupiter, 11x R earth SUNSUN The Solar System Pluto, 0.2x R e Asteroid Belt 1 AU: distance from Sun to Earth = 150,000,00 km

10. words The Solar System Mercury Venus Earth Mars Asteroids Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune Pluto YOU SHOULD KNOW:

11. How do we know? Who is responsible?

12. Early Astronomers 500 BC Pythagoras - thought Earth was round from moon observations 350 BC Aristotle - first to suggest that all planets & stars orbited the Earth (wrong!) - Earth-Centered model = Geocentric Model Pythagoras Aristotle AD 500 250 0 250 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900

13. Ptoo bad for Ptolemey Claudius Ptolemey (100 - 170 A.D.) Pythagoras AristotlePtolemy Ptolemy geocentric diagram (Earth at center) AD 500 250 0 250 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900

14. Nicholas Copernicus (1473-1543) Crazy (but not really) Copernicus AristotlePtolemy Copernicus Copernicus heliocentric diagram (Sun at center) Pythagoras AD 500 250 0 250 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900

15. Keeping up with Kepler Johannes Kepler (1571 - 1630 A.D.) AristotlePtolemy Copernicus Kepler Kepler’s Laws (3) AD 500 250 0 250 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 Pythagoras

16. Galileo the Great Galileo Galilei (1564 - 1642 A.D.) AristotlePtolemy Copernicus Galileo Galileo’s moon phases Kepler 500 250 0 250 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 Pythagoras AD

17. How do we know?

18. Light waves: traveling energy infrared image visible image x-ray image

19. Tools of Astronomy: Telescopes

20. Main functions of optical telescopes

21. Optical Telescopes (more common) light in eyepiece mirror eyepiece light in lense

22. Radio Telescopes light in visibleradio visibleradio

23. Where should telescopes go? US light pollutionMauna Kea, Hawaii

24. Hubble Space Telescope Telescopes and Observatories (you should visit) Hubble Space Telescope Keck: Mauna Kea, Hi Hubble Space Telescope Keck: Mauna Kea, Hi Hale: Palomar Obs., CA Hubble Space Telescope Keck: Mauna Kea, Hi Hale: Palomar Obs., CA Clark: Lowell Obs., AZ Hubble Space Telescope Keck: Mauna Kea, Hi Hale: Palomar Obs., CA Clark: Lowell Obs., AZ Shane: Lick Obs., CA Hubble Space Telescope Keck: Mauna Kea, Hi Hale: Palomar Obs., CA Clark: Lowell Obs., AZ Shane: Lick Obs., CA Kitt Peak Obs., AZ Hubble Space Telescope Keck: Mauna Kea, Hi Hale: Palomar Obs., CA Clark: Lowell Obs., AZ Shane: Lick Obs., CA Kitt Peak Obs., AZ Aricebo, Puerto Rico Hubble Space Telescope Keck: Mauna Kea, Hi Hale: Palomar Obs., CA Clark: Lowell Obs., AZ Shane: Lick Obs., CA Kitt Peak Obs., AZ Aricebo, Puerto Rico Very Large Array (VLA), NM

25. Rotation & Revolution revolution rotation

26. Reason for Seasons? Equator North Pole 23.5° Equator

27. Earth’s orbit Earth Sun Spin axis Earth’s orbit Sun Reason for Seasons Sun NH SH (Summer) (Winter)

28. Earth’s orbit Earth Sun Spin axis Earth’s orbit Sun Reason for Seasons NH SH (Winter) (Summer) Sun

29. Northern Hemisphere Seasons

30. Seasons, Tropics, & Circles

31. Seasons Review

32. Reason for Seasons Movie

33. Why are days are longer in the summer, shorter in the winter? Day/Night & the Seasons Winter sun path Summer sun path

34. The Phases of the Moon

35. Times of Moonrise and Moonset PhaseMoonriseMoonset NewDawnSunset First QuarterNoonMidnight FullSunsetDawn Third QuarterMidnightNoon

36. Why We Always See the Same Side of the Moon Day 1 Day 7 Day 14 Day 21 NP

37. Eclipses lunar eclipsetotal solar eclipsepartial solar eclipse

38. Lunar Eclipses

39. Moon moves in between Sun and Earth, blocks sunlight Only from within the tiny area where the dark umbra touches the Earth will you see the Sun completely covered and witness a total eclipse. From anywhere in the grey penumbra, you will see some part of the sun shining from behind the moon. The penumbra is the area of partial eclipse. Solar Eclipses How do they happen?

40. The Moon is much smaller than the Sun so how can the Moon block out the Sun? Solar Eclipses partial eclipse total eclipse

41. Solar Eclipse Movie Movie of solar eclipse taken in India (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center)

42. Eclipses: Why so Infrequent? Why isn’t there a solar eclipse & lunar eclipse once every month? Earth’s orbit Moon’s orbit Sun EarthMoon