1. Second Great Awakening Democratic Religion?

2. Revival of interest in relig Revival of interest in relig Focus on Bible, need all to read, interpret Focus on Bible, need all to read, interpret Possibly because of social anxiety (econ, urban, women, etc.) Possibly because of social anxiety (econ, urban, women, etc.)

4. At same time as... Spread of universal white male suffrage Spread of universal white male suffrage Growth of educational opportunities, esp. lyceums Growth of educational opportunities, esp. lyceums Hoopla for “common man” Hoopla for “common man” Tech change made material culture cheaper Tech change made material culture cheaper Believed tech could solve probs Believed tech could solve probs Belief in “self-made man” – success up to you Belief in “self-made man” – success up to you

5. And... Availability of land important part of democracy Availability of land important part of democracy Wilderness made America different from Europe, part of US identity Wilderness made America different from Europe, part of US identity Democracy, Individuality, Progress Democracy, Individuality, Progress

6. Thomas Cole, The Oxbow

7. Edwin Church Natural Bridge, Virginia

8. “Why, I can be saved!” Individ responsible for salvation, so no predestination Individ responsible for salvation, so no predestination Emotional response; reject rationalism Emotional response; reject rationalism Active! Revivalist! Intense! Active! Revivalist! Intense! “Fanatical and almost wild spiritualism” “Fanatical and almost wild spiritualism” Camp meeting in absence of churches Camp meeting in absence of churches

10. Missionary aspects Individual can change Individual can change Society can change Society can change Growth of sects, denominations Growth of sects, denominations Faith + good works = salvation Faith + good works = salvation Volunteer work Volunteer work U.S. is “called nation” U.S. is “called nation” At least 80 communal experiments active in 1840s At least 80 communal experiments active in 1840s

11. How fit with rest of chapter?

12. Brook Farm Started by Unitarians, inspired by Transcendentalism Started by Unitarians, inspired by Transcendentalism Joint-stock ($500 entry fee) Joint-stock ($500 entry fee) Share work, worth based on work done Share work, worth based on work done Balance labor and leisure Balance labor and leisure Meant as example to rest of world of “industry without drudgery, true equality w/o vulgarity.” Meant as example to rest of world of “industry without drudgery, true equality w/o vulgarity.”

13. Farming = close to nature, independence Farming = close to nature, independence Lots of playing, dancing at The Hive Lots of playing, dancing at The Hive Individual freedom, incl. wives from husbands Individual freedom, incl. wives from husbands Fails after 6 years Fails after 6 years

14. Fruitlands Vegetarian, whatever grows up (no roots) Vegetarian, whatever grows up (no roots)

15. Oneida Abandonment of self for good of whole Abandonment of self for good of whole “Bible communism” “Bible communism” Share children (nurseries), wives (complex marriage), secrets (Criticism) Share children (nurseries), wives (complex marriage), secrets (Criticism) Perfectionism Perfectionism