1. 1 THE ROMANIAN EDUCATION SYSTEM

2. 2 Reforms, after the fall of communism, in the Romanian education system focused on adapting education to the changing demands of society and to those related to the accession to the European Union and have included: curriculum change, student assessment, teacher training, financing, management. Reforms, after the fall of communism, in the Romanian education system focused on adapting education to the changing demands of society and to those related to the accession to the European Union and have included: curriculum change, student assessment, teacher training, financing, management. The first Romanian school, the yard of Saint Nicholas Orthodox Church in the historic neighbourhood of Şchei, Braşov

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4. 3. POST GRADUATE EDUCATION DOCTORAL STUDIES POSTGRADUATE ACADEMIC STUDIES MASTER STUDIES 2. HIGHER EDUCATION OF LONG DURATION (UNDERGRADUATE STUDIES – BA) BACHELOR’S DEGREE OF SHORT DURATION THE ROMANIAN EDUCATION SYSTEM

5. 1. PRE-UNIVERSITY EDUCATION SECONDARY SCHOOL FIRST PHASE (GYMNASIUM) GRADES V-VIII NATIONAL TESTS SECOND PHASE (UPPER SCHOOL) COMPULSORY GENERAL EDUCATION: GRADES IX-X NON COMPULSORY GENERAL EDUCATION: GRADES XI-XII-XIII BACALAUREAT EXAM PRIMARY (ELEMENTARY SCHOOL) PREPARATORY GRADE AND GRADES I-IV PRESCHOOL KINDERGARTENDAY NURSERY

6. 6 PRIMARY EDUCATION: - seeks socialization of children and their development in terms of physical, cognitive and emotional growth, through specific activities, being focused on acquiring general culture of instrumental type (acquiring skills of writing, reading, computing, initiation into specific languages); - this level of education includes children between the ages of 1 and 6 and is carried out in specialized institutions called day nurseries and kindergartens, most of them being funded by State; - the participation of children in day nurseries and kindergartens is free and optional. Day nursery : age 1 to 2 Kindergarten (Infant School) : Reception (“Junior/Small group”): for children aged 3 - 4 Year 1 (“Middle group”): for children aged 4-5 Year 2 (“Upper/Big group”): for children aged 5-6

7. 7 COMPULSORY SCHOOLING lasts 10 years and comprises three stages:  primary / elementary education (with a duration of 5 years) - includes the preparatory grade and grades I to IV and is focused on acquiring general culture of instrumental type (acquiring skills of writing, reading, - includes the preparatory grade and grades I to IV and is focused on acquiring general culture of instrumental type (acquiring skills of writing, reading, computing, initiation into specific languages);  the first phase of secondary education (with a duration of 4 years, in Middle School / Gymnasium) - covers grades V to VIII and follows the acquisition of general culture (fundamental knowledge of the main areas of knowledge);  the second phase of secondary education (with a duration of 2 years), which may be carried out in:  Upper School or Secondary School (general or specialized education)  Vocational – encompasses the acquisition of specialized culture necessary to practise a particular profession.

8. 8 1. UPPER SECONDARY EDUCATION comprises:  The upper secondary cycle (lasting 2-3 years) – classes XI-XII-XIII, targeting general culture orientation to certain domains of knowledge (science, social and human, technology, Economics), opening onto the optional vocational culture;  The cycle of Upper School offers general and specialization courses, leading to further study in:  Post-secondary education;  Higher education (College education);

9. 9 2. HIGHER EDUCATION (COLLEGE EDUCATION) is focused on deepening theoretical and specialized practice of a specific field of knowledge; It includes: higher education of short duration (2-3 years) provided by university colleges; graduates receive a diploma of graduation; higher education of long duration (4-6 years) provided by universities, institutes, academies; graduates receive a Bachelor’s degree.

10. 10 3. POST GRADUATE EDUCATION - offers the following programmes of studies: Specialization studies lasting 2-3 semesters, completed with a studies diploma; Master Studies (MA) with the duration of 2-4 semesters, completed with a master's degree; Postgraduate academic studies with the duration of 2-4 semesters, completed with a postgraduate diploma; Doctoral academic studies (PhD) with a duration of 4 years, completed with a doctor’s degree; Postgraduate specialization determined by University Senates, completed with a postgraduate diploma of specialization; Refresher courses (lifelong learning) with a duration set by University Senates, completed with graduation certificates.

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