1. May 06-21: Vehicle Safety Modifications  Client: Senior Design  Faculty Advisor: Dr. Gary Tuttle  Presentation date: April 26 th 2006  Team members: Joshua Bruening –EE Mei-ling Liew -EE Fei Liu -EE Brian Phillips -CprE Adams Sutanto -EE Joshua Bruening –EE Mei-ling Liew -EE Fei Liu -EE Brian Phillips -CprE Adams Sutanto -EE

2. Presentation Layout  Introductory Material Acknowledgement. Acknowledgement. Problem statement. Problem statement. Operating environment. Operating environment. Intended user(s) and intended use(s). Intended user(s) and intended use(s). Assumptions and limitations. Assumptions and limitations. End product and other deliverables End product and other deliverables  Project Activity Description Present accomplishments. Present accomplishments. Future required activities. Future required activities. Approaches considered and one used. Approaches considered and one used. Project definition activities. Project definition activities. Research activities. Research activities. Design activities. Design activities. Implementation activities. Implementation activities. Testing. Testing. Any other important activities. Any other important activities.  Resources and Schedules Resources. Schedules.  Closing Material Project evaluation. Commercialization. Recommendations for additional work. Lessons learned. Risk and risk management. Closing summary.

3. Acknowledgements  Dr. Gary Tuttle  Senior Design Client: Dr. Lamont Dr. Lamont Dr. Patterson Dr. Patterson

4. List of Definitions  Convex- Surface that curves outward or bulges  Infrared- Invisible radiation wavelengths from about 750 nanometers to 1 millimeter, on the border of the microwave region  LCD- Liquid-crystal display  Ultrasonic- Acoustic frequencies above the range audible to the human ear above 20,000 Hertz

5. Problem Statement   Blind spots are created by factory mirror systems   Lack of object detection systems and blind spot eliminators on inexpensive vehicles   Need for inexpensive products which eliminate these problems

6. Solutions to Problem Statement   Determine the location of a vehicle’s blind spots and implement blind spot eliminators   Inform the vehicle’s operator when the object becomes close to the bumper

7. Operating Environment  Humidity  Wind  Dust  Extreme temperatures  Rain  Snow

8. Intended Users  Owners of low-cost vehicles  Drivers of low-cost vehicles  Passengers

9. Intended Uses  Increase vehicle safety  Alert the driver of objects near the vehicle’s bumpers  Remove blind spot from driver’s perspective

10. Project Assumptions  The end product will be simple to use for the consumer  The product will be an add-on for previously owned cars  Multiple users will take advantage of the safety additions for each vehicle  The users will be qualified drivers

11. Project Limitations  Exterior equipment must be able to handle all weather conditions  Equipment must remain operational considering wear and tear from driving  Equipment may be installed by a vehicle’s owner  The system will have to fit in the space constraints

12. Expected End Product   Operational front and rear proximity sensors   LED dashboard distance display   Adjustable blind spot eliminating convex mirror   Technical documentation and schematics

13. Other Deliverables  Project Plan  Weekly Reports  Design Report  Peer Review Presentation  Project Poster  End Product Final Report  IRP Presentation

14. Accomplishments  Designed and built the sensor system  Designed the blind spot eliminators  Tested sensor system  Tested mirror system  Built Black Box Prototype

15. Technologies Considered  Blind spot eliminator:  Electronic rotating mirror Advantages: Advantages: Easy for the driver to useEasy for the driver to use Undistorted imageUndistorted image Disadvantages: Disadvantages: Just moves the blind spot, doesn’t eliminate itJust moves the blind spot, doesn’t eliminate it Requires additional motorsRequires additional motors Requires complicated installation procedureRequires complicated installation procedure

16. Technologies Considered  Blind spot eliminator:  Angled add-on mirror Advantages: Advantages: Requires no additional driver effortRequires no additional driver effort Undistorted ImageUndistorted Image Disadvantages: Disadvantages: Doesn’t eliminate all of the blind-spot (75% only)Doesn’t eliminate all of the blind-spot (75% only) Difficult to install on some vehiclesDifficult to install on some vehicles

17. Technologies Considered  Blind spot eliminator:  Convex or concave mirror Advantages: Advantages: Completely eliminates the blind-spotCompletely eliminates the blind-spot Inexpensive implementationInexpensive implementation Easy installationEasy installation Requires no additional driver effortRequires no additional driver effort Disadvantages: Disadvantages: Distorted imageDistorted image

18. Technologies Considered  Blind spot eliminator:  Monitor and video camera set for driver Advantages: Advantages: Automatic notification to the driver of a vehicle in the blind spotAutomatic notification to the driver of a vehicle in the blind spot Complete elimination of the blind spotComplete elimination of the blind spot Disadvantages: Disadvantages: Very expensiveVery expensive Poor functionality in bad weather (fog, snow, rain)Poor functionality in bad weather (fog, snow, rain)

19. Technology Used  Convex add-on mirror Completely eliminates the blind-spot Completely eliminates the blind-spot Inexpensive implementation Inexpensive implementation Easy installation Easy installation Requires no additional driver effort Requires no additional driver effort  Other technologies Expensive Expensive Difficult to implement and/or install Difficult to implement and/or install Don’t completely eliminate the blind spot Don’t completely eliminate the blind spot

20. Technology Considerations  Front and rear object detection system:  Controller with LCD screen monitor and video camera system Advantages: Advantages: Directly see what is approachingDirectly see what is approaching Disadvantages Disadvantages ExpensiveExpensive Poor functionality in bad weather (fog, snow, rain)Poor functionality in bad weather (fog, snow, rain) Difficult to implementDifficult to implement Distraction to the driverDistraction to the driver

21. Technologies Considered  Front and rear object detection system:  Proximity sensor system with LED display Advantages: Advantages: Accurate measurement of distanceAccurate measurement of distance Operate in all weather conditionsOperate in all weather conditions DurableDurable AffordableAffordable Disadvantages: Disadvantages: Difficult installationDifficult installation Difficult implementationDifficult implementation Possibility of malfunctioning sensorsPossibility of malfunctioning sensors

22. Technology Used  Proximity sensor system with LED display Accurate measurement of distance Accurate measurement of distance Operate in all weather conditions Operate in all weather conditions Durable Durable Affordable Affordable  Other technologies are: More expensive More expensive More difficult to install and implement More difficult to install and implement Not as reliable Not as reliable

23. Technologies Considered  Sensor types considered:  Inductive proximity and m agneto resistive Advantages: Advantages: Ideal for detecting any metalIdeal for detecting any metal Disadvantages: Disadvantages: Don’t detect any type of material such as fiberglassDon’t detect any type of material such as fiberglass

24. Technologies Considered  Sensor types considered:  Infrared Advantages: Advantages: Accurately measure distanceAccurately measure distance Weather resistantWeather resistant InexpensiveInexpensive No programming neededNo programming needed Detect all types of materialDetect all types of material Disadvantages: Disadvantages: Dust and dirt can coat them and impair responseDust and dirt can coat them and impair response

25. Technologies Considered  Sensor types considered:  Ultrasonic Advantages: Advantages: Weather resistantWeather resistant Accurately measure distanceAccurately measure distance Detect all types of materialDetect all types of material Disadvantages: Disadvantages: ExpensiveExpensive Require programmingRequire programming Dust and dirt can coat them and impair responseDust and dirt can coat them and impair response

26. Technology Used  Infrared Accurately measure distance Accurately measure distance Weather resistant Weather resistant Inexpensive Inexpensive No programming needed No programming needed  Other types of sensors Expensive Expensive Can’t detect all types of material Can’t detect all types of material

27. Sensor Used: GP2D12 No programming needed!

28. Sensor Used: GP2D12

29.  Detect object 10- 80cm away

30. Quad Op Amp:LMC660

31. Schematic

32. Display of Proximity Sensor Unit  There will be four sets of red, yellow and green; one for each corner of the vehicle.  Circuit will be underneath

33. Status of Proximity Sensor Unit  Circuit is designed  Plan of routing through vehicle has been implemented  Prototype is built

34. Research Activities  Sensor technologies  Mirror types  Display panels

35. Design Constraints   Attachment to existing small vehicles   Shall not hinder the user’s ability to drive   Wire placement shall be unobtrusive   Sensors shall be installed inside bumpers   Equipment must be durable

36. Testing and Modification Activities  Blind Spot Mirror HowRight Angle Trig HowRight Angle Trig WhereStadium Parking Lot WhereStadium Parking Lot Results Results Factory MirrorsFactory Mirrors Driver’s Side0 – 11.6 degrees Driver’s Side0 – 11.6 degrees Passenger's Side0 – 20.76 degrees Passenger's Side0 – 20.76 degrees Convex MirrorConvex Mirror Driver’s Side0 – 181 degrees Driver’s Side0 – 181 degrees Passenger’s Side0 – 176 degrees Passenger’s Side0 – 176 degrees Accuracy?5 tests with different drivers Accuracy?5 tests with different drivers

37. Testing and Modification Activities  Proximity Sensor Red LED Yellow LED Green LED

38. Estimated Resources Personal Efforts

39. Item Description Estimated Cost Poster$70.00 Blind Spot Mirrors $4.00 Infrared Sensor $40.00 Comparators$5.00 Regulators$5.00 Other electronic components $30.00 Total$154.00 Other Resources

40. Financial Resources Materials $154.00 Labor @ 10.50/hr. $8,883.00 Total $9037

41. Project Schedule

42. Project Evaluation  Research Proximity Sensors Proximity Sensors Blind Spot Mirrors Blind Spot Mirrors  Documents Project Plan Project Plan Design Report Design Report Poster Poster Final report Final report  Implementation Proximity sensors Proximity sensors

43. Commercialization  Installation Kit 4 sensors 4 sensors Main System Module Main System Module Cable Cable User manual User manual  Cost = $85  Selling Price = $100  Market Owners of low cost vehicle’s Owners of low cost vehicle’s Owners concerned with safety Owners concerned with safety

44. Recommendations for Additional Work  Implementation of casing/holder for blind spot mirror  Implementation of more sophisticated sensor  Exact distance LCD display  Commercialized Unit

45. Lessons Learned  What went well Dividing up task Dividing up task  What did not go well Meeting time Meeting time Change of project scope Change of project scope Team progress Team progress  What technical knowledge was gained Proximity sensor Proximity sensor Blind spot mirror Blind spot mirror

46. Lessons Learned  What non-technical knowledge was gained Project management experience Project management experience Documentation method, skills Documentation method, skills Presentation skill Presentation skill  What would be done differently if the project was to be done again Better teamwork Better teamwork

47. Risk and Risk Management  Anticipated Potential Risk Parts malfunction Parts malfunction Part ordering delay Part ordering delay Loss of a member Loss of a member Documentation problem Documentation problem  Anticipated Risk Encountered Part ordering delay Part ordering delay Documentation problem Documentation problem  Unanticipated Risk Encountered Ordered wrong part Ordered wrong part  Resultant changes in risk management Bought new part Bought new part More sophisticated documentation More sophisticated documentation

48. Closing Summary Problem – Additional safety improvements are currently available on more expensive new cars, but are not low enough cost to be made available on lower cost cars. Approach – Several technologies were considered for each safety addition. Each alternative was researched and compared on a pro/con basis. The technologies that we felt made the most sense were used. Solution – The safety package includes both front and back proximity sensors, as well as two convex blind spot eliminating mirrors.

49. Questions or comments?