1. Adhesives

2. First Adhesives The first adhesives were natural gums and other plant resins or saps. It was believed that the Sumerian people were the first to use it until it was discovered that Neanderthals as far back as 50,000 years made adhesives from birch bark The first adhesives were natural gums and other plant resins or saps. It was believed that the Sumerian people were the first to use it until it was discovered that Neanderthals as far back as 50,000 years made adhesives from birch barknatural gumsresinsSumerianNeanderthalsnatural gumsresinsSumerianNeanderthals

3. Animal Protein Type Form and color Preparation and application Strength properties Typical uses Blood, protein Solid and partially dried whole blood; dark red to black bondline Mixed with cold water, lime, caustic soda, and other chemicals; applied at room temperature; pressed either at room temperature or 120oC (250oF) and higher High dry strength; moderate resistance to water and damp atmosphere and to Microorganisms Interior-type softwood plywood, some times in combination with soybean adhesive; mostly replaced by phenolic adhesive

4. Animal Protein A natural animal hide glue made from pure animal protein which has been reconstituted into a cake form to make for a more easily dissolving form of hide glue than typical granules. Excellent adhesive strength for gluing difficult surfaces, and removable with heat or steam

5. Casein Protein Natural adhesives have many of the same properties that chemical and synthetic adhesives have. Natural adhesives have many of the same properties that chemical and synthetic adhesives have. Some natural adhesives are quite strong, whilst others are incredibly flexible. Some are waterproof, whilst others are soluble in water. Some natural adhesives are quite strong, whilst others are incredibly flexible. Some are waterproof, whilst others are soluble in water. Some are ideal for delicate jobs which require a level of invisibility of the adhesive, whilst others can be used in the construction of large or heavy items of furniture. Some are ideal for delicate jobs which require a level of invisibility of the adhesive, whilst others can be used in the construction of large or heavy items of furniture.

6. Casein Protein Type Form and color Preparation and application Strength properties Typical uses Casein, protein Powder with added chemicals; white to tan bondline Mixed with water; applied and pressed at room temperature High dry strength; moderate resistance to water, damp atmospheres, and intermediate temperatures; Not suitable for exterior uses Interior doors;

7. Many new adhesives are based on plastic compounds, they have advantages and disadvantages Plastics can be classified in many ways, but most commonly by their polymer backbone (polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, polymethyl methacrylate, and other acrylics, silicones, polyurethanes, etc.). Plastics can be classified in many ways, but most commonly by their polymer backbone (polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, polymethyl methacrylate, and other acrylics, silicones, polyurethanes, etc.).polyvinyl chloride polyethylenepolymethyl methacrylateacrylicssilicones polyurethanespolyvinyl chloride polyethylenepolymethyl methacrylateacrylicssilicones polyurethanes Other classifications include thermoplastic, thermoset, elastomer, engineering plastic, addition or condensation or polyaddition. Other classifications include thermoplastic, thermoset, elastomer, engineering plastic, addition or condensation or polyaddition.thermoplastic thermosetelastomerengineering plasticthermoplastic thermosetelastomerengineering plastic

8. Polyvinyl Acetate Type Form and color Preparation and application Strength properties Typical uses Cross-linkable polyvinyl acetate Liquid, similar to polyvinyl acetate emulsions but includes copolymers capable of cross- linking with a separate catalyst; white to tan with colorless bondline Liquid emulsion mixed with catalyst; cure at room temperature or at elevated temperature in hot press and radio-frequency Press High dry strength; improved resistance to moisture and elevated temperatures, particularly long- term performance in moist Environments Interior and exterior doors; moulding and architectural woodwork;

9. Polyvinyl Acetate PVA is sold as an adhesive for porous materials, particularly wood, paper, and cloth. PVA is sold as an adhesive for porous materials, particularly wood, paper, and cloth.adhesiveporouswoodpaper clothadhesiveporouswoodpaper cloth It is the most commonly used wood glue, both as "white glue" and the yellow "carpenter's glue." It is the most commonly used wood glue, both as "white glue" and the yellow "carpenter's glue."wood gluecarpenter's gluewood gluecarpenter's glue PVA is widely used in bookbinding and book arts due to its flexibility, and because it is non-acidic, unlike many other polymers PVA is widely used in bookbinding and book arts due to its flexibility, and because it is non-acidic, unlike many other polymers

10. PVA glue

11. Elastomeric Contact Type Form and color Preparation and application Strength properties Typical uses Elastomericcontact Viscous liquid, typically neoprene or styrene- butadine elastomers in organic solvent or water emulsion; tan to yellow Liquid applied directly to both surfaces, partially dried after spreading and before pressing; roller-pressing at room tempera- ture produces instant bonding Strength develops immediately upon pressing, increases slowly over a period of weeks; dry strengths much lower than those of conventional wood adhesives; low resistance to water and damp atmospheres. On-the-job bonding of decorative tops to kitchen counters; factory lamination of wood, paper, metal, and plastic sheet materials

12. Elastomer contact This solvent-based contact cement bonds instantly, eliminating clamping. This solvent-based contact cement bonds instantly, eliminating clamping. It is strong-bonding, fast drying, oil and waterproof. It is strong-bonding, fast drying, oil and waterproof. Recommended for bonding plastic laminates to wood, hardboard, leather, rubber, plywood, laminates, particleboard, canvas and metal. Recommended for bonding plastic laminates to wood, hardboard, leather, rubber, plywood, laminates, particleboard, canvas and metal. Can also bond wood, aluminum, steel, fabric, copper, rubber, leather and canvas. Can also bond wood, aluminum, steel, fabric, copper, rubber, leather and canvas.

13. Elastomer contact

14. Epoxy Type Form and color Preparation and application Strength properties Typical uses Epoxy Liquid resin and hardener supplied as two parts; clear to amber; colorless Bondline Resin and hardener mixed by user; reactive with limited pot-life; cured at room or elevated temperatures; only low pressure required for bond development High dry and wet strength to wood, metal, glass, and plastic; formulations for wood resist water and damp atmospheres;delaminate with repeated wetting and drying;gap-filling Laminating veneer and lumber in cold-molded wood boat hulls, aircraft, architectural railings and posts; sports equipment; general purpose, home and workshop

15. EPOXY

16. Epoxy Bonds a variety of surfaces Bonds a variety of surfaces Dries Crystal Clear so there's no visible evidence of repair Dries Crystal Clear so there's no visible evidence of repair Quick setting in 5 minutes Quick setting in 5 minutes No clamping necessary No clamping necessary High water resistance High water resistance Forms a rigid, durable bond Forms a rigid, durable bond Can be used for gap filling (Surfaces need not mate closely) Can be used for gap filling (Surfaces need not mate closely) Good chemical resistance Good chemical resistance Heat Resistant Heat Resistant Doesn't yellow over time so is ideal for use on glassware Doesn't yellow over time so is ideal for use on glassware Where can this product be used? Where can this product be used? Fixing a broken glass vase Fixing a broken glass vase Repairing jewellery Repairing jewellery Toy repairs Toy repairs Fixing ornaments or crockery Fixing ornaments or crockery Fixing your handbag strap Fixing your handbag strap Not suitable for bonding plastics such as Polypropylene and Polyethylene or for use on polystyrene Not suitable for bonding plastics such as Polypropylene and Polyethylene or for use on polystyrene

17. Hot melt Type Form and color Preparation and application Strength properties Typical uses Hot melt Solid blocks, pellets, ribbons, rods, or films; solvent-free; white to tan; near colorless bondline Solid form melted for spreading; bond formed on solidification; requires special application equipment for controlling melt and flow Develops strength quickly on cooling; lower strength than conventional wood adhesives; Moderate resistance to moisture; gap-filling with minimal penetration Edge-banding of panels; plastic lamination; patching; film and paper overlays; Furniture assembly; General purpose home and shop

18. Hot glue gun

19. Melamine Type Form and color Preparation and application Strength properties Typical uses Melamine and melamine-urea Powder with blended catalyst; may be blended up to 40% with urea; White to tan; colorless bondline Mixed with water; cured in hot press at 120°C to 150°C (250°F to 300°F); particularly suited for fast curing in high-frequency presses High dry and wet strength; very resistant to water and damp atmospheres Melamine-urea primary adhesive for durable bonds in hardwood plywood; end-jointing and edge-gluing of lumber; scarf joining softwood plywood

20. Resorcinol Type Form and color Preparation and application Strength properties Typical uses Resorcinol and phenol-resorcinol Liquid resin and powdered hardener supplied as two parts; dark red bondline Liquid mixed with powdered or liquid hardener; resorcinol adhe- sives cure at room temperatures; phenol-resorcinols cure at tem- peratures from 21°C to 66°C (70°F to 150°F) High dry and wet strength; very resistant to moisture and damp atmospheres; more resistant than wood to high temperature and chemical aging Primary adhesives for laminated timbers and assembly joints that must withstand severe service conditions

21. Resorcinol Adhesives formulated from resorcinol- formaldehyde resins or phenol-modified resorcinol- formaldehyde resins are the criteria for wood bonding applications demanding room temperature cure, structural integrity, and waterproof characteristics. Adhesives formulated from resorcinol- formaldehyde resins or phenol-modified resorcinol- formaldehyde resins are the criteria for wood bonding applications demanding room temperature cure, structural integrity, and waterproof characteristics.

22. Polyurethane Type Form and color Preparation and application Strength properties Typical uses Polyurethane Low viscosity liquid to high viscosity; supplied as one part; two-part systems; color varies from clear to brown; colorless bondline Adhesive applied directly to one surface, preferably to water- misted surface; cures at room temperature; High pressure required when setting High dry and wet strength; resistant to water and damp atmosphere; limited resistance to prolonged and repeated wetting and drying; gap-filling General purpose home and shop; construction adhesive for panelized floor and wall systems; laminating plywood to metal and plastic sheet materials; Specialty laminates.

23. Polyurethane Polyurethane is used as an adhesive, especially as a woodworking glue. Its main advantage over more traditional wood glues is its water resistance. Polyurethane is used as an adhesive, especially as a woodworking glue. Its main advantage over more traditional wood glues is its water resistance.adhesivewoodworking glueadhesivewoodworking glue

24. Polyurethane http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyurethane#Adhesives

25. Urea Type Form and color Preparation and application Strength properties Typical uses Urea Powder and liquid forms; may be blended with melamine or other more durable resins; white to tan resin with colorless Bondline Powder mixed with water, hardener, filler, and extender by user; some formulations cure at room temperatures, others require hot pressing at 120°C (250°F); curable with high- frequency Heating High dry and wet strength; moderately durable under damp atmospheres, moderate to low resistance to temperatures in excess of 50°C (122°F) Hardwood plywood; furniture; fibreboard; particleboard; flush doors; furniture cores

26. Urea