1. ~ Algae ~ Bryophytes ~ Ferns ~ Angiosperms ~ Gymnosperms
Diversity of organisms
~ Algae
~ Bryophytes
~ Ferns
~ Angiosperms
~ Gymnosperms

2. Evolution

3. Algae
This is a collective name for a varied group of phyla with no one diagnostic feature. They are normally aquatic or live in damp terrestrial habitats. Subdivisions are mainly associated with biochemical differences related to photosynthesis.

4. Algae are without roots, stems or leaves.
All contain chlorophyll and so can make their own food by photosynthesis.
The cells are long and their cellulose cell walls are covered by a layer of mucilage.
The major are green, but some are brown or red.

5. Feature of plant Vascular tissue no support Air sac, by water
sporophyte
gametophyte
Stem root leave
Water absorption
diffusion
Reproduction
Binary fission
dispersal
swim

6. Structure of algae

7. diatom

8. Type of algae
Green algae
Brown algae

9. Volvox

10. Example of algae
egregia
analipus

11. Bryophytes
Bryophytes are small green plants with simple leaves, stems but no roots.
They grow close to ground, and usually do not grow more than 2cm in length.
They do not have vascular tissue which enables the plant to grow tall, and which they have no support to be stiff.
They are anchored in the ground by delicate structure called Rhizoid.
They live in damp places.

12. - The life cycle of Bryophytes begins with the release of haploid spores. Spores that geminate begin cell division, this produces the filament that will eventually form a gametophyte.

13. Photo of bryophytes

14. moss

15. liverwort

16. Life cycle of bryophytes

17. Archegonia

18. Feature of plant Vascular tissue No true support turgid sporophyte
Only capsule parasite gametophyte
gametophyte
Photosynthetic, mainly
Stem root leave
No real root but rhizoid
Water absorption
diffusion
Reproduction
Sexually archegonia, antheridia
dispersal
Capsule dry up, mechanical

19. Ferns Their roots grow horizontally underground
Ferns consist of true stems, roots, leaves and vascular tissues.
Their roots grow horizontally underground
The preferred habitat of a fern is in the wetlands, or in moist woody areas; they also prefer damp shaded area.
They need water for fertilization.
As for reproduction, they reproduce by spores and vegetatively by rhizomes, which are horizontal underground stems.

20. Photo of ferns

21. Life cycle of ferns

23. Feature of plant Vascular tissue simple support tracheid sporophyte
Major, large, water resistant
gametophyte
Minor, small
Stem root leave
Have but root is simple as rhizoid
Water absorption
rhizoid
Reproduction
Gametophyte archegonia antheridia
dispersal
Sorus dry up mechanical

24. Gymnosperms(conifers)
Gymnosperms are large evergreen trees with seeds growing inside cones for reproduction.
Most of them have needle-shaped leaves.
It does not have flowers but seeds. The seeds are naked. They are not enclosed in food and borne on structure called cones. Example is pine.

25. In conifers, the region of primary cell wall in the centre of the pit is thickened with a deposit of waxy material, forming a structure known as a torus. The phloem of conifers contains sieve cells, fibres, and parenchyma cells, but companion cells are absent.

26. Examples of gymnosperms
Pine

27. Feature of plant Vascular tissue have support woody sporophyte all
gametophyte
Minimize to cone
Stem root leave
Water absorption
root
Reproduction
cone
dispersal
wind

28. Angiosperms All angiosperms have flowers for reproduction.
Their seeds are produced inside the ovary.
Angiosperms form the dominant terrestrial vegetation today.
They are found in a wide range of habitats and have even re-established themselves in freshwater and the sea.

29. - They are extremely well
suited to life on land
both in their morphology.
- They are divided into
dicotyledons and
monocotyledons.

30. Morphology of herbaceous dicotyledon

31. Morphology of herbaceous monocotyledon
Lily

32. Comparison of moncotyledoneae and dicotyledoneae

33. Life cycle of angiosperms

34. Feature of plant Vascular tissue have support Turgid or woody
sporophyte
all
gametophyte
Minimize to flower
Stem root leave
Water absorption
root
Reproduction
Pollen by wind or insect
dispersal
Water wind animals mechanic

35. Summary of plant kingdom

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