1. ATLAS-TEX / KW 09-2001 1 Colourfastness Testing Colourfastness to rubbing / crocking

2. ATLAS-TEX / KW 09-2001 2 Colorfastness to Crocking  Crocking - A transfer of colorant from the surface of a colored yarn or fabric to another surface or to an adjacent area of the same fabric principally by rubbing.  Although a physical process, the primary evaluation is for appearance (color)  Wet and dry evaluation typically performed

3. ATLAS-TEX / KW 09-2001 3 Crocking Instruments  Applicable to many textile materials including dye and printed fabrics, carpeting, and automotive interior materials  Manual (for shorter tests) and automatic models available  Linear and rotating motion models  Can be adapted to provide simple abrasion tests for other materials

4. ATLAS-TEX / KW 09-2001 4 Crocking : Standard Test Methods  AATCC Test Method 8 - Basic Crockmeter Method  AATCC Test Method 116 - Rotary Vertical  AATCC Test Method 165 - Carpets  ISO 105-D02 - Organic Solvents  ISO 105-X12 - Colorfastness to rubbing  SAE J861 - Organic trim materials  ASTM D5053 - Leather

5. ATLAS-TEX / KW 09-2001 5 Colorfastness to Crocking  Crocking finger may need resurfacing  Loose clips  Incorrect mounting  Loops to wire clips positioned downward  Metal base warped Verification checks using the Crockmeter Calibration Cloth are extremely important to avoid incorrect results. Potential problems include:

6. ATLAS-TEX / KW 09-2001 6 AATCC Test Method 8 (Basic)  Recommended specimen size 5cm by 13cm  Wet and dry tests are specified  Mount white test cloth with the weave parallel to the direction of rubbing  Run test for 10 complete turns  Evaluate the white test cloth using the Gray Scale for staining

7. ATLAS-TEX / KW 09-2001 7 AATCC Test Method 8 (Basic)  For the wet test: Establish technique for preparing wet crock cloth squares by weighing a conditioned square, then thoroughly wet out a white testing square in distilled water The wet pick-up should be 65 ± 5% Use of a hand wringer is recommended White cloth dried and conditioned prior to evaluation

8. ATLAS-TEX / KW 09-2001 8 AATCC Test Method 116 (Rotary Vertical Method)  Method is especially useful for prints where the singling out of areas smaller than possible to test with Method 8 is required  Wet and dry tests specified  20 complete turns specified  Evaluation performed with the Gray Scale for staining

9. ATLAS-TEX / KW 09-2001 9 AATCC Test Method 165 (Carpets)  Testing before/after treatments such as shampooing, steam or hot water extraction, or antistatic/antisoil application has been found useful  Wet and Dry testing specified  Ten complete turns (one per second) specified  Evaluate with Gray Scale for Staining

10. ATLAS-TEX / KW 09-2001 10 ISO /DIS105-X12 - 1999 Colour fastness to rubbing  Method suitable for all kinds of textiles  Two alternative sizes of rubbing fingers specified Cylinder of a 16 mm diameter finger exerting a download force of 9 N Finger with a rectangular rubbing surface of 19 mm x 25,4 mm (crock block) exerting a download force of 9 N for pile fabrics including textile floor coverings Suitable apparaturs referring to AATCC TM 8  Wet and Dry Test specified  Specimen size at least 50 mm x 140 mm

11. ATLAS-TEX / KW 09-2001 11 Crockmeter - CM1  Manual unit recommended for shorter tests  Has cycle counter  Comes standard with 16mm finger and 9 N arm  For wet and dry tests Cloth, abrasive paper, and spring clip supplied

12. ATLAS-TEX / KW 09-2001 12 CM5 Crockmeter  Automatic unit recommended for long/frequent tests  Electrically powered  Count-up timer with automatic shut down Accessories available

13. ATLAS-TEX / KW 09-2001 13 CM6 Crockmeter  Manual unit  Reciprocating rotary motion to meet AATCC Test Method 116  Can be used for wet and dry testing

14. ATLAS-TEX / KW 09-2001 14

15. ATLAS-TEX / KW 09-2001 15 Colourfastness Testing Colourfastness to aqueous agencies: -Water,Sea Water, Chlorinated Water - Perspiration

16. ATLAS-TEX / KW 09-2001 16 Colorfastness to Aqueous Agencies ISO Standards  ISO 105 E01: Colorfastness to water  ISO 105 E02: Colorfastness to sea water  ISO 105 E04: Colorfastness to perspiration

17. ATLAS-TEX / KW 09-2001 17 Colourfastness to Water to ISO 105-E01  Definition Resistance of the colour to immersion in water  Procedure A with “grade 3“ water wetted specimen between two adjacent fabrics and placed between two plates is submitted to a pressure of 12,5 kPa for 4 hours at 37 + 2 °C  Asessment Change in Colour of the specimen and staining of the adjacend fabrics with the Grey Scales

18. ATLAS-TEX / KW 09-2001 18 Colourfastness to Sea Water to ISO 105-E02  Definition Resistance of the colour to immersion in sea water  Procedure A with sodium chloride solution (30 g/l) wetted specimen between two adjacent fabrics and placed between two plates is submitted to a pressure of 12,5 kPa for 4 hours at 37 + 2 °C  Assessment Change in Colour of the specimen and staining of the adjacend fabrics with the Grey Scales

19. ATLAS-TEX / KW 09-2001 19 Colourfastness to Perspiration to ISO 105-E04  Definition Resistance of the colour to the action of human perspiration  Procedure A with acid or alkaline histidine solutions wetted specimen between two adjacent fabrics and placed between two plates is submitted to a pressure of 12,5 kPa for 4 hours at 37 + 2 °C  Assessment Change in Colour of the specimen and staining of the adjacend fabrics with the Grey Scales

20. ATLAS-TEX / KW 09-2001 20 Colorfastness to Perspiration to AATCC  Specimens of colored textiles are wet out in simulated perspiration solution, subjected to a fixed mechanical pressure and allowed to dry slowly at a slightly elevated temperature.  AATCC Test Method 15 -- Perspiration  AATCC Test Method 107 -- Water

21. ATLAS-TEX / KW 09-2001 21 Colorfastness to Perspiration  Applicable to dyed, printed or otherwise colored textile fibers, yarns and fabrics  Also applicable to dyestuffs  Acid and alkaline test eliminated after studies done in 1974 Some international and special end- use still require alkaline test

22. ATLAS-TEX / KW 09-2001 22 Colorfastness to Perspiration  Acid Solution (One liter) 10g sodium chloride 1g lactic acid, USP 85% 1g disodium hydrogen phosphate anhydrous (Na 2 HPO 4 ) 0.25g histidine monohydrochloride  pH of solution should be 4.3 ± 0.2

23. ATLAS-TEX / KW 09-2001 23 Colorfastness to Perspiration  Test specimens placed between plates of the unit with an 8 lb. (3.628kg) weight on top  Total weight under the pressure plate is 10 lbs. (4.54kg)  Evaluate for color change using Gray Scale

24. ATLAS-TEX / KW 09-2001 24 AATCC Perspiration Tester (shown with Gray Scale)

25. ATLAS-TEX / KW 09-2001 25 Colourfastness to chlorinated water to ISO 105-E03  Definition Resistance of the colour to the action of chlorine solutions as used in swimming bath water  Procedure A specimen is tested in a separate container of 550 + 50 ml volume filled with sodium hypcochorite solution ( 20, 50 or 100 ml active chlorine) rotating in a mechanical device during one hour at 27 + 2 °C  Instrument The specified mechanical water bath corresponds to devices as used for wash fastness tests  Assessment Change in colour of the specimen with the Grey Scale

26. ATLAS-TEX / KW 09-2001 26 ATLAS Testing Devices Linitest + Launder-Ometer

27. ATLAS-TEX / KW 09-2001 27 Colourfastness Testing Contact Heat

28. ATLAS-TEX / KW 09-2001 28 ISO Standards  ISO 105 P01 Colour fastness to dry heat 3 Temperature ranges depending on requirements and the stability of the fibres  ISO 105 X11 Colour fastness to hot pressing Dry, damp and wet pressing at 3 temperatures described

29. ATLAS-TEX / KW 09-2001 29 ISO 105 P01  Specimen size: 10 cm x 4 cm  Temperatures: 150, 180, 210 °C + 2 °C  Testing time: 30 seconds  Presuure specified. 4 + 1 kPa  Evaluate specimens for Coulor Change and Staining Grey Scale for Assesssing Change in Colour Grey Scale for assessing Staining

30. ATLAS-TEX / KW 09-2001 30 ISO 105 X11  Dry Pressing – a dry specimen is pressed with a heating device at a specified temperature and time  Damp pressing – a dry specimen is covered with a wet cotton adjacent fabric and pressed with a heating device at a specified temperature and time  Wet pressing – the upper surface of a wet specimen is covered with a wet cotton adjacent fabric and pressed with a heating device at a specified temperature and time

31. ATLAS-TEX / KW 09-2001 31 ISO 105 X11  Specimen size: 10 cm x 4 cm  Temperatures: 110 – 150 – 200 °C + 2°C  Testing time: 30 seconds  Heating device as described in ISO 105 P01, however, heat should be transferred to the specimen on the upper side only  A suitable insulating material is used to to minimize heat transfer to or from the bottom plate

32. ATLAS-TEX / KW 09-2001 32 FIXOTEST  Standard Instrument for ISO Test Methods  Compact unit with three independent test stations  Pairs of heating plates independently controllable up to 230 °C  Lower Plates can be switched off to allow heat transfer only from the top

33. ATLAS-TEX / KW 09-2001 33 AATCC Test Methods  AATCC Test Method 117 -- (Dry heat) Various temperature ranges depending on requirements and the stability of the fibers  AATCC Test Method 133 -- (Hot pressing) Dry, damp, and wet pressing methods described depending on the end use of the textile Various temperature levels used depending on class of textile tested

34. ATLAS-TEX / KW 09-2001 34 AATCC Test Method 117  Specimen size not specified  Testing time is 30 seconds  Pressure specified is 40 ± 10 g/cm 2  Evaluate specimens for color change using : Gray Scale for Color Change (Dyed fabrics) Gray Scale for Staining (Undyed fabrics)

35. ATLAS-TEX / KW 09-2001 35 AATCC Test Method 133  Dry Pressing -- Dry specimen pressed with heating device  Damp Pressing -- Dry specimen covered with wet, undyed cotton cloth, then pressed with heating device  Wet Pressing -- Wet specimen covered with wet, undyed cotton cloth, then pressed with heating device

36. ATLAS-TEX / KW 09-2001 36 AATCC Test Method 133  Specimen size of 12cm by 4cm is recommended  Yarn or thread, knitted to a fabric of above dimensions, is acceptable  Dry, damp, and wet pressing all require 15 seconds of testing  Evaluate using Gray Scale for Color Change

37. ATLAS-TEX / KW 09-2001 37 AATCC Test Method 133  Temperatures specified: 110 ± 2C 150 ± 2C 200 ± 2C  Table I of this test method identifies safe ironing temperatures for most fabrics

38. ATLAS-TEX / KW 09-2001 38 Scorch Tester  Used for both Test Methods 117 and 133  Upper plate hinged for sample removal  Adjustable pressure  Thermostatic control  Pyrometer temperature indicator

39. ATLAS-TEX / KW 09-2001 39 Scorch Tester  Scorch Tester used for: Colorfastness to Dry Heat Colorfastness to Pressing Tensile Loss from Chlorination Retention

40. ATLAS-TEX / KW 09-2001 40 Tensile Loss Due to Chlorine Retention  AATCC Test Method 92 (Single sample method)  AATCC Test Method 114 (Multiple sample method)