1. Universität Karlsruhe (TH) 1 Photovoltaics. Lecture 7. CIGS. From previous lecture: Amorphous Si. Cu(Inx,Ga1-x)Se2 (CIGS):. Wide energy sensitivity. K. Miyazaki et al., “High sensitivity and wide bandwidth Image Sensor using CuIn1-xGaxSe2 thin films” Thin Solid Films In Press, Accepted Manuscript E (x)[eV] = 1,02 +0,67x + 0,11x(x-1)

2. Universität Karlsruhe (TH) 2 Photovoltaics. Lecture 7. CIGS. Image sensor: spectral sensitivity K. Miyazaki et al., “High sensitivity and wide bandwidth Image Sensor using CuIn1-xGaxSe2 thin films” Thin Solid Films In Press, Accepted Manuscript

3. Universität Karlsruhe (TH) 3 Photovoltaics. Lecture 7. CIGS. Carsten Deibel, Dr. Jürgen Parisi, and Dr. Vladimir Dyakonov, “Defect Spectroscopy on Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2-Based Heterojunction Solar Cells: Role of the Damp-Heat Treatment” The dashed lines show a case, where the activation energy of a defect state at the CdS/Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 interface is increased due to changes at the interface

4. Universität Karlsruhe (TH) 4 Photovoltaics. Lecture 7. CIGS. Growth: Georg Voorwinden, Robert Kniese, and Michael Powalla, “In-line Cu(In,Ga)Se2 co-evaporation processes with graded band gaps on large substrates,” Thin Solid Films 431-432 (May 1, 2003)

5. Universität Karlsruhe (TH) 5 Photovoltaics. Lecture 7. CIGS. Growth: Real live ZSW, Stuttgart

6. Universität Karlsruhe (TH) 6 Photovoltaics. Lecture 7. CIGS. Yanfa Yan et al., Physica B: Condensed Matter 401-402 (December 15, 2007) Powalla et al., Thin Solid Films In Press, Accepted Manuscript T. Eisenbarth et al., Thin Solid Films In Press, Accepted Manuscript Grains: Polycrystalline Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS)-based device is now approaching 20%, significantly surpassing the best corresponding single-crystal devices (13%)

7. Universität Karlsruhe (TH) 7 Photovoltaics. Lecture 7. CIGS. Markus Gloeckler, James R. Sites, and Wyatt K. Metzger, “Grain-boundary recombination in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells,” Journal of Applied Physics 98, no. 11 (December 1, 2005) Grains:

8. Universität Karlsruhe (TH) 8 Photovoltaics. Lecture 7. CIGS. C.-S. Jiang et al., “Local built-in potential on grain boundary of Cu(In,Ga)Se[sub 2] thin films,” Applied Physics Letters 84, no. 18 (May 3, 2004) Grains:

9. Universität Karlsruhe (TH) 9 Photovoltaics. Lecture 7. CIGS. Alternative fabrication and progress:

10. Universität Karlsruhe (TH) 10 Photovoltaics. Lecture 7. CIGS. Thank you: SRG group lieder, Dr. Anatoliy Slobodskyy -- Universität Karlsruhe Lichttechnisches Institut (LTI) Kaiserstraße 12 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland Tel 0721 608 3981 Fax 0721 608 2590 E-mail: anatoliy.slobodskyy@lti.uni- karlsruhe.de Zentrum für Sonnenenergie- und Wasserstoff-Forschung Baden- Württemberg Industriestr. 6 70565 Stuttgart Deutschland