1. Unity After the Fall of the Roman Empire

2.  1. Define the Problem: There is Disorder in Europe.  2. Gather the Evidence  3. Identify the Causes: No central government, Lack of strong leaders, Invaders, Lack of Unity, Regression.  4. Evaluate the Policies: Feudalism, Manorialism, The Catholic Church, and the Development of Cities and Towns.

3.  Germanic Invasions broke down the structure of the Roman cohesiveness.  Resources were spent on expanding the Empire, not protecting its borders.  Charlemagne tries to bring back the Glory of the Roman Empire but without a capable ruler succeeding him, everything falls apart.

4.  Without a centralized government, the Roman Empire is taken over by invaders from the north, such as the Scandinavians.  People are scared.  There are no more schools; people are regressing.  They are moving backwards, not forwards.

5.  Feudalism was a new form of government that came about because of the previous events.  Peasants and Barons/Lords became dependant on one another. The peasants for protection; Barons for additional wealth.  Manorialism allowed peasants to become more independent.  On a manor you would find: a peasant’s village, shops, markets, a chapel, forest, farming area, etc.  As people became less fearful of attacks from invaders, they began to interact with other manors.

6.  Castles were built out of necessity.  They were dark, damp, cold and smelly.  They were built out of stone for the purpose of protection from invaders, foreign and domestic.  Surrounding every castle was a moat.  Castles were the property of wealthy Barons or Nobles.  Castles were built all over Europe and can still be found today.

7.  As the fear of invasion began to fade away, people no longer felt obligated to stay on a manor.  Peasants began to leave the castles and manors in search of economic opportunity.  As cities and towns began to develop, people began to interact with one another, thus promoting cultural diffusion.

8.  The Church unified a fragmented society.  REMEMBER: Language and Religion UNITE a civilization.  The Church cared for the people by educating them and supplying them with jobs.  Work on a Cathedral would employ someone for their entire life!

9.  Who was more powerful… The King OR The Pope???  Who had the people’s loyalty… The King OR The Pope???  LAY INVESTITURE LAY INVESTITURE

10.  Pope VS the King Pope VS the King