2. Endoplasmic Reticulum ORGANELLES

3. Cell Wall

4.  Rigid structure surrounding the cell. Made of cellulose.

5. Cell Membrane

6.  Allows movement of materials into and out of the cell.  Just inside the cell wall.

7. Nucleus

8.  Found in eukaryotes (multicellular).  Houses DNA

9. Cytoplasm

10.  Jelly-like substance where organelles are found.

11. Vacuole

12.  Found only in plant cells.  Stores water and minerals

13. Chloroplast

14.  Found only in plant cells  Where photosynthesis occurs.  Contains chlorophyll  Takes in the light energy from the sun to change water and carbon dioxide into glucose and oxygen

15. Mitochondria

16.  Produces energy so the cell can carry out functions.  Also called the “powerhouse of the cell”  Where cellular respiration occurs

17. Ribosomes

18.  Package amino acids to make proteins

19. Endoplasmic Reticulum

20.  Transport system of proteins and other materials from one part of the cell to another

21. Classification  Simple  Algae  Non-vascular  Mosses  Liverworts  Hornworts

22. Simple  Algae- simple plants with no roots, stems, or leaves  3 groups of algae  Chlorphyta: green algae  Phaeophyta: brown algae  Rhodophyta: red algae

23. Non-Vascular Plants  Plants have leaves and stems, but no real roots.  Do not conduct water and nutrients.  Classification of plants that mosses, hornworts, and liverworts is generally referred to as bryophyta.

24. Moss  Small flowerless plant that grows in damp locations  Reproduce via spores, not seeds  Simple leaves attached to a differentiated stem.

25. Liverwort  Very similar to moss. Simple rootless plants  Lack of differentiated stem  Single-celled rhizoids (roots)

26. Classification (continued)  Complex  Vascular  Ferns  Gymnosperms  Angiosperms  Monocots  Dicots

27. Vascular Plants  Transport materials (food, water, minerals) through vascular tissue.  Have roots.

28. Ferns  Lack flowers and seeds (have spores)  Have fronds which are large, divided leaves

29. Gymnosperms  Seed producing  Also known as conifers  Produce cones  Have “male” and “female” parts that produce pollen and ovules, respectively.

30. Angiosperms  Seed producing  Also known as flower-bearing  Produce fruit that contain the seeds  Two types of angiosperms: monocots and dicots  Based on the number of cotyledons – part of the seed that stores food

31. Monocots  Seeds have one cotelydon  Leaves with parallel veins  Flower parts in threes  Vascular bundles are throughout stem’s tissue

32. Dicots  Seeds have two cotyledons.  Flower parts in fours or fives  Leaves with netlike veins  Vascular bundle arranged in a ring

33. Plant Reproduction  Common Parts (neither male nor female)  Petals: attract pollinators  Sepals: protect the bud  Sexual organs  Male  Female

34. Male parts  Produce the “sperm”  Stamen:  Consists of anther held up by a filament. This is where the pollen is produced (in the anther).

35. Female Parts  Produce the “eggs”  Pistil:  Contains three parts, the stigma, style, and ovary  Stigma- sticky top to ensure that pollen sticks to it  Style- the middle section  Ovary- where eggs are produced

36. Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration  Photosynthesis- A process by which plants convert sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into food energy (glucose), oxygen, and water  Plants use carbon dioxide from animals  The chloroplasts change the O2 and sugars (food) into CO2, H2O, and ATP (energy) via the chlorophyll.

37. Respiration  Respiration-A process by which plants convert glucose and oxygen into energy (ATP), carbon dioxide, and water

38. What do you notice about the two? They are opposite of each other! Equation 1: Water + Carbon Dioxide+ Energy (sunlight) Glucose + Oxygen Equation 2: Glucose + Oxygen Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy (chemical)