1. Bell Ringer
How are plant and animal cells different? How are they alike? Give at least three examples of each.

2. Chapter 12 Classifying Plants
Mr. Perez

3. An Overview of Plants Plant characteristics
Range in size from microscopic water ferns to tall sequoias (100 meters tall)
Most have roots that hold them in place
Plants are adapted to nearly every environment on Earth
Frigid cold areas
Hot, dry deserts
All plants need water

4. An Overview of Plants Plant cells include:
Cell membrane
Nucleus
Other cell structures
In plant cells, but not animal cells:
Cell wall (protection and structure)
Chlorophyll & chloroplast (green pigment that traps sunlight and turns it into food)
Central vacuole (store water)

5. Plant vs. Animal Cell

6. An Overview of Plants Origin and Evolution of Plants
The first plants that lived on land could only live in damp areas
Ancestors were probably green algae that lived in the sea
Green algae contains chlorophyll that carries out photosynthesis
Today, plants and green algae have the same types of chlorophyll and carotenoids
Carotenoids are red, yellow or orange pigments also used in photosynthesis

7. An Overview of Plants
The fossil record of plants is not as complete as that of animals
The oldest plant fossils are 420 million years old (Cooksonia)
Scientists believe that some of the early plants evolved from green algae
Cone-bearing plants show up in the fossil record mya
Flowering plants show up in the fossil record 120 mya

8. An Overview of Plants Advantages of life on land
More sunlight and carbon dioxide (CO2) which is needed for photosynthesis

9. An Overview of Plants Protection and support on land
Cuticle: waxy, protective layer secreted by cells onto the surface of the plant. Prevents massive water loss.
Cell wall containing cellulose, a chemical compound that can be used by plants to make sugar. Long chains of cellulose provide support and structure
Structures that allow movement of water, nutrients and food throughout the plant
Reproduction
Water resistant spores
Water resistant seeds in cones or flowers

10. An Overview of Plants

11. An Overview of Plants
science/plants/plant-adaptations.htm

12. An Overview of Plants Vascular Nonvascular
Contain tube-like structures that carry water and nutrients throughout the plants
Nonvascular
Do not contain tube-like structures and move water and nutrients throughout the plant other ways

13. Seedless Plants Seedless nonvascular plants
Do not grow from seeds
Contain only a few cells
Only 2 – 5 cm tall
Instead of roots, they contain rhizoids
Grow in damp places
No flowers or cones  Reproduce using spores
Mosses, liverworts and hornworts are examples

14. Seedless Plants

15. Seedless Plants Nonvascular plants and the environment
Important in the ecology of many areas
Can withstand long, dry periods
Can grow in thin soils
Spores are carried by the wind
Mosses are usually the first to grow in new or disturbed areas, this makes them a pioneer species

16. Seedless Plants Seedless vascular plants
Contain vascular tissue (tubes used to carry water and nutrients)
Can grow bigger than seedless nonvascular plants
Examples include ferns, pines, spike mosses and horsetails

17. Seedless Plants Importance of seedless plants Formation of coal
Formation of peat (soil condition and fuel)
Houseplants
Landscape
Gardening
Food
Folk medicines

18. Seed Plants Most seed plants have:
Leaves (where photosynthesis occurs)
Stems (support plants and move materials through vascular tissue from root to the rest of the plant)
Roots (collect water and nutrients, anchor plant to ground and store food)
Vascular tissue (tube-like)
Seed
Seed plants are split into two groups
Gymnosperms
Angiosperms

19. Seed Plants
Open and close stoma

20. Seed Plants

21. Seed Plants
Gymnosperms- vascular plants that produce seeds that are not protected by fruit
Means “naked seed” in the Greek language
Contain needle-like leaves
Many are called evergreens
Four divisions:
Conifers- pines, firs, spruces, redwoods, junipers
Cycads
Ginkgoes
Gnetophytes

22. Seed Plants

23. Seed Plants
Angiosperms- vascular plant that flowers and produces fruits with one or more seeds
Flowers vary in size, shape and color
Some develop into fruit, which carry seeds
Divided into two groups (see next slide)
Monocots- have one cotyledon
Dicots- have two cotyledons

24. Seed Plants

25. Seed Plants Importance of seed plants Provide wood Provide resin Food
Fibers for clothing

26. Classwork
P. 353 # 1-3, 5-6

27. Glencoe Science & McGraw Hill Publishing
Resources
Florida Science Grade 8
Glencoe Science & McGraw Hill Publishing
Google Images