1. Science: review ch.1 and ch.2 L.1
By Aida Momeni

2. Classification
Ch.1
l.1

3. What is classification?
Classification means to put things into groups.
Levels of classification:1)observed each organism carefully. 2)compare and contrast our observation with other plant and animals. 3)put similar organisms in one group if it was different put it in a new group.
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4. Classify reasons
It’s easier for scientists to communicate clearly
They call each organism with just one name
Organize information about organisms

5. Classification system
Kingdom: is the highest group of organisms. Phylum: is the next level below kingdom. Class: next level below phylum Species: they kept divide each level into smaller and smaller levels (order,family,genus) and species.

6. Vertebrates
Ch.1
l.2

7. What are vertebrates
Animals without backbone.
Animals: a) are multicellular
B)they can move on their own
C)they cannot make their own food or sugar like plants

8. Fishes Live in freshwater or saltwater
Bone or cartilage protects brain & spinal cord
Gills for respiration
Mostly external fertilization
Body covered with scales
The are cold blooded

9. Classes of Fishes Agnatha (Jawless Fish)
Lampreys
Chondrichthyes (Cartilaginous Fish)
Sharks, rays
Osteichthyes (Bony Fish)
Most common fish

10. Fish Structure

11. Amphibians Ectothermic Most have metamorphosis 2 Big Groups
Anura: frogs, salamanders
Caudata: salamanders, newts
Body covered with soft skin
They are cold blooded

12. Problems with life on land
Drying out
Respiration
Reproduction
Movement
Temperature Control

13. Frog Life Cycle

14. Reptiles Dry body covering Their body covered with scales
Heart has 3 chambers
Well-developed lungs
Toes have claws
They are cold blooded

15. Reptile Reproduction
Amniote Egg developed
Internal fertilization

16. Homeostasis Modern reptiles = ectotherms
Dinosaurs may have been endotherms

17. Special Senses
Visual range
Heat-sensing pits

18. Classes of Reptiles
Rhynchocephalia
Testudo
Squamata
Crocodilia

19. birds Body covered with feathers They are cold blooded
They feed their young

20. Bird Adaptations Feet differ by lifestyle Bill based on food type
Forelimbs = wings

21. Feather Types
Down
Filoplumes
Contour
Flight

22. Homeostasis
Endotherms
4-chamber heart
High metabolism
Rapid heartbeat

23. Other Systems Nervous: highly developed Excretory: reduced Digestive
Crop – stores food for later
Gizzard – grinds food

24. Bird Reproduction System Reduced Produce Amniote Egg
Internal Fertilization

25. Mammals Body covering is hair or fur They are warm blooded
Young feed by their mother

26. invertebrates
Ch.1
L.3

27. What are invertebrates
Animals without backbones are invertebrates
Largest invertebrates are giant squids
4 groups: mollusks, worms, cnidarians, arthopods

28. Some get oxygen by using gills
mollusks
Soft body
Some get oxygen by using gills
Other are able to absorb oxygen through their skin

29. worms
Flat worms are flat and thin and live in wet or damp places
Round worms live in both water and land
Segmented worms include the earth worm

30. arthopods Insect , losters, and spiders are arthopods
Arthopod means jointed legs
They have bodies that is divided into separate parts.
Lobsters use gills to get oxygen
Grasshoppers have tubes that carry air through their bodies
Spiders with book lungs

31. Ch.1
l.4

32. moss Mosses didn’t have vascular, seeds, and plants
They grow on shallow steams or trees
Single moss is small and has tiny leaf

33. Ferns They have Vascular
Vascular plants can grow larger than nonvascular plants
Moses and Ferns both use spores to reproduce

34. Conifers They have Vascular and seeds
They reproduce by using Corns and seeds
Conifer phylum includes pines, firs and spruce

35. Flowering plants They have Vascular , seeds and flowers
All flowering plants are Vascular
About 230,000 spscies of flowering plants have been identified

36. Cells
Chapter 2
L.1

37. Cell Information
Smallest part of body that carries out the life activity

38. Function of cells Cells take in foods and get rid of energy
They use materials in food to grow and to repair wounds
Cells need energy
Cellular respiration is to taking Oxygen and food, such as sugar in order to get energy.in this process carbon dioxide and water are made.

39. Parts of cells
Cells made of a Cell membrane, a nucleus and many other structures.