1. The Beginning of Civilization: EARLY AGRICULTURE
Chapter Two
Section One

2. Where are we? 8,000 BC 10,000 BC Last Ice Age Ends
Grow their own crops

3. Birth of Farming 12,000 years ago Adaptations Ice Age ends
Start of global warming
Ocean levels rise
Adaptations
Fir trees spread north
Large ice age animals
Some die out

4. What might happen if Earth begins to grow colder or warmer?

5. Modifying the Environment
Search for new food
Smaller animals to hunt
More fishing
Modify environment to get food
Clear trees and brush
New plants = new animals

6. Domesticating Plants and Animals
Change the behavior of a population of animals or plants in ways that are useful for humans
This marks the birth of farming
Selected seeds of best crops
Better food
Make more useful
Wild tomato
Size of animals

7. Why do you think a shepherd must watch over domesticated sheep as they graze?

8. First Centers of Agriculture
Middle east
10,000 years ago
Found seeds from domesticated wheat
Spread into Africa, Europe and Indus River Valley
Farming in different areas

9. Wheat and Barley
Asia
North America
Africa
Rice
South America
Australia
Maize
Millet
Sorghum and Yams

10. Farming as a Lifestyle Early People could be…. Cost of Farming
Nomadic hunter-gatherer
Farmer
Cost of Farming
Time and energy
Plant, herd
Risky
Crops could fail
Dangerous
Bands of nomadic thieves

11. Why do you think that different crops and animals were domesticated in a different parts of the world?

12. Farming as a Lifestyle Benefits More food
Less land (didn’t have to search)
25 acres = food for year
Hunters needed 20,000 acres
Permanent residence
Villages
Mud and straw homes
Clothing
Fibers from animals and plants for cloth
Wool, animal hair, cotton and flax

13. Chart it Out!!!
Benefits of Farming
Disadvantages of Farming

14. Why do you think some people chose to remain hunter-gatherers rather than become farmers?

15. Farming Changes Life Nomads began to stop wandering
Learned to plan for harvest
Neolithic agricultural revolution
Change in ways of thinking working or living

16. New Shelters Not moving…….need a place to live Çatalhüyük
Permanent home
Belongings
Çatalhüyük
Oldest farming settlement
Present day turkey
8,000 years ago
2-story houses
Rooftops for street

18. Surpluses and Specialization
Crops and Herds Grew
Surplus grows
More than you need
Farmers got to take a break
Learn new things
Specialize
Craft
Trade goods for surplus food
Toolmakers, potters, weavers, metalworkers