1. CARTILAGE Specialized connective tissue Rigid, Elastic, Resilient -
RESISTS COMPRESSION
AVASCULAR –
nutrients diffuse through matrix

2. Hundreds of Eyes Staring Back at YOU!

3. PERICHONDRIUM
Dense irregularly arranged connective tissue (type I collagen)
Ensheaths the cartilage
Houses the blood vessels that nourish chondrocytes

4. CHONDROBLAST Progenitor of chondrocytes
Lines border between perichondrium and matrix
Secretes type II collagen and other ECM components
Chondroblasts build

5. CHONDROCYTE Mature cartilage cell Reside in a space called the lacuna
Clear areas = Golgi and lipid droplets

6. Chondrocytes completely fill their lacunae
RER and euchromatic nuclei
Synthetically active, secrete matrix N
RER ?
Cartilage matrix

7. MATRIX Provides the rigidity, elasticity, & resilience FIBERS
Collagenous and elastic
GROUND SUBSTANCE
Glycosaminoglycans (chondroitin sulfates, keratin sulfate, hyaluronic acid)
Proteoglycans: GAGs + core protein
Water
Basophilic
Territorial matrix - high [ ] of sulfated proteoglycans
Territorial matrix surrounds lacuna (space in which chondrocyte lives)

8. CARTILAGE GROWTH Appositional Interstitial
Increasing in WIDTH; chondroblasts deposit matrix on surface of pre-existing cartilage
Interstitial
Increasing in LENGTH; chondrocytes divide and secrete matrix from w/in lacunae

9. TYPES OF CARTILAGE
HYALINE
ELASTIC
FIBROUS

10. HYALINE CARTILAGE FUNCTION MATRIX LOCATION Support tissue and organs
Model for bone development
MATRIX
Type II collagen (thin fibrils)
Chondroitin sulfate, keratin sulfate, hyaluronic acid
Water
LOCATION
Tracheal rings, nasal septum, larynx, articular surfaces of joints
Trachea

11. ELASTIC CARTILAGE FUNCTION MATRIX LOCATION STAINS perichondrium
Support with flexibility
MATRIX
Normal components of hyaline matrix plus ELASTIC fibers
LOCATION
External ear, external auditory canal, epiglottis
STAINS
Elastic fibers stain BLACK with Weigert stain
Ear
perichondrium

12. FIBROCARTILAGE
Intervetebral disk – Anulus fibrosus – High compression, shear
Surrounds nucleus proposus
Orcein van Giesen Elastic stain - fibrocartilage - reddish brown
hyaline cartilage - yellow

13. FIBROCARTILAGE FUNCTION MATRIX LOCATION
Support with great tensile strength
MATRIX
Type I collagen - Oriented parallel to stress plane
LOCATION
Intervertebral disks, pubic symphysis

14. FIBROCARTILAGE Chondrocytes align between collagen fibers
Collagen fibers lie parallel to lines of stress

15. How many types of cartilage do you see?
All 3: Collagen fibrils stain intensely pink in intervertebral disk

16. SYNOVIAL (DIARTHRODIAL) JOINTS

17. JOINT DEFINITIONS SYNOVIAL CAVITY SYNOVIAL FLUID SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE
Fluid filled space b/t 2 bones
SYNOVIAL FLUID
Water and GAGs; provides nutrients for cartilage
SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE
Continuous with the perichondrium

18. SYNOVIAL “MEMBRANE” Not a true membrane - Why?
Specialized secretory CT
Loose (areolar) CT
Formed by layers of collagen and fibroblasts
Highly vascular
Not lined by epithelium, directly in contact with synovial fluid of joint; fibroblasts secrete synovial fluid

19. Joint capsule composed of DIACT
No perichondrium
Joint capsule composed of DIACT
Why does the cartilage at the joint stain so acidophilic (i.e. pink)?
Especially high concentration of collagen

20. Question 1
Panel C is a low magnification micrograph of the tissue shown in Panel B.
Provide the letter or letters (A and/or B) (or none) of the panel to which the following apply.
normally calcified
vascularized
collagen type II
cells capable of division
matrix contains proteoglycans
lacunae present A C B

21. C A
Questions 2 and 3:
2. The three tissues shown have all of the following properties in common EXCEPT:
a. They contain capillaries.
b. They contain proteoglycans.
c. They can increase in size by interstitial growth.
d. They can increase in size by appositional growth.
3. Which tissue is the most highly specialized to resist compression?
a. A
b. B
c. C B

22. Question 4
4. What cartilage nourishing tissue is missing at the interface shown?
Synovial fluid
Perichondrium
Synovial membrane
Chondroblasts