1. Reproductive System

2. Male Reproductive System

3. Testes Also called gonads 2 of them
Suspended in a sac called the scrotum
Produce sperm
Located outside the body where the temperature is lower and won’t kill the sperm
Produces testosterone, male hormone
Testosterone is responsible for secondary sex characteristics such as deeper voice, facial hair, larger muscles, and body hair

4. Epididymis Sperm leave the testes and enter the epididymis
Tightly coiled tube, 20 feet long
Located in the scrotum, just above the testes
Function
Store sperm until it matures
Produce fluid which becomes part of semen

5. Vas Deferens
Function
Receives sperm from the epididymis
Temporarily stores sperm
Extends from the epididymis into the abdominal cavity
Tube that is cut during a vasectomy, the procedure to produce sterility in males

6. Seminal Vesicles 2 small tubes located behind the bladder Function
Produce a thick, yellow, rich in sugar that nourish the sperm
This fluid composes a large part of the semen

7. Ejaculatory Ducts 2 short tubes
Carry sperm and fluids known as semen through the prostate gland into the urethra

8. Prostate Gland Doughnut – shaped Located below the bladder
Produces an alkaline secretion that increases sperm motility and neutralizes the acidity of the vagina
During ejaculation, the prostate gland
Contracts causing the expulsion of semen
Closes off the urethra, preventing urine passage through the urethra

9. Cowper’s Gland 2 small glands located below the prostate gland
Secrete a mucous-like fluid that serves as a lubricant for intercourse and an alkaline fluid to decrease the acidity of the urine residue in the urethra

10. Urethra
Tube that extends from the bladder, through the penis, to the outside of the body
Carries semen and urine
5-7 inches long in male

11. Penis External male reproductive organ
Enlarged structure on the end of the penis – glands penis
This is covered by the prepuce or foreskin
The foreskin is removed in a procedure called circumcision
Penis is made of spongy, erectile tissue
Functions
When erect, male organ of copulation/intercourse
Provides for the elimination of urine from the bladder

12. Diseases

13. Prostatic Hypertrophy
Enlargement of the prostate gland
Common in men over 50 years old
Causes
Benign, due to inflammation
Tumor
Change in hormonal activity
Malignant (cancerous) condition
Treatment
Prostatectomy
TUR – trans urethral resection
Radiation

14. Testicular Cancer Cancer of the testicles Frequent in men 20-35
Highly malignant and spreads quickly
Treatment
Orchiectomy, radiation
ACS
American Cancer Society
Recommends STE
Self testicular exam

15. Self Testicular Exam STE should start at age 15
Examine each testicle after a warm shower, exam each testicle separately, gently roll between fingers and thumb to feel for lumps, nodules or extreme tenderness
Also check for any signs of swelling or change in appearance

17. Female Reproductive System

18. Ovaries
Female gonads
2 small almond-shaped glands, located in the abdominal cavity, attached to the uterus by ligaments
Contains thousands of small sacs called follicles
Each follicle contains an immature egg or ovum
Produce the hormones estrogen and progesterone
Responsible for the secondary sex characteristics – breasts, hips widen, body hair

19. Ovulation The maturing and release of an egg every
Occurs every 28 days
If egg is not fertilized, the body sheds the lining of the uterus and menstruation occurs

20. Fallopian Tubes 2 of them 5 inches in length
Attached to the upper part of the uterus
Function
Move the ovum from the ovary to the uterus
Cilia and peristalsis keep the ovum moving
Site of fertilization, the union of the egg and sperm

21. Uterus Hollow, muscular, pear-shaped organ 3 parts Function Layers
Fundus – top
Body – middle
Cervix – narrow bottom
Function
Organ of menstruation
Allows for the development and growth of the fetus
Contracts during birth to aid in the expulsion of the fetus
Layers
- endometrial
- If fertilization does not occur, this lining deteriorate, resulting in menstruation

22. Vagina
Muscular tube that connects the cervix to the outside of the body
Function
Passageway for menstrual flow
Receives sperm and semen from the male
Female organ of copulation
Birth canal during delivery of the infant

23. Bartholin’s Glands
2 small glands on either side of the vaginal opening
Secretes mucous for lubrication during intercourse
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24. Vulva Collective name for the external female genitalia Includes
Mons pubis - pad of fat
Labia majora – outer folds of tissue covered with pubic hair
Labia minora – inner folds of tissue
Perineum – area between the vagina and anus

25. Breasts Mammary glands Contain lobes that surface at the nipples
Function
Secrete milk – lactate after childbirth

26. Female Reproductive System
Diseases
Female Reproductive System

27. Breast Tumors Benign or American Cancer Society recommends SBE
Self Breast Examination every month for adult females at the end of menstruation

28. SBE

29. Mammograms
ACS recommends a baseline test between 35-40

30. Treatments Lumpectomy Simple mastectomy Radical mastectomy Radiation
Chemotherapy

31. Cancer of the Cervix Detected by a PAP smear Treatment Hysterectomy
Removal of cervix and uterus

32. Endometriosis Growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus
Can occur during surgery, through the fallopian tubes, blood and lymph

33. PMS Premenstrual Syndrome
Group of symptoms that appear 3-14 days before menstruation
Cause – unknown
Related to hormonal changes or biochemical imbalance