1. FETUS PLACENTA UMBILICAL CORD CERVIX AMNION

4. Functions of the Placenta Slide 16.55 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Forms a barrier between mother and embryo (blood is not exchanged)  Delivers nutrients and oxygen  Removes waste from embryonic blood  Becomes an endocrine organ (produces hormones) and takes over for the corpus luteum  Estrogen  Progesterone  Other hormones that maintain pregnancy

5. FETUSPLACENTAUMBILICAL CORD CERVIXAMNION

6. mother embryo nutrientsoxygen Carbon dioxidewastes mother embryoplacenta embryo mother placenta 1.During the human development, membranes _________________ and nourish the embryo. protect 2.The amnion is a membrane that ______________ and protects the developing embryo within the uterus. nourish

8. Factors that can affect fetal developmentHow each factor affects fetal development Radiation – X rays Infectious microorganisms – virus & bacteria Drugs – Heroin, LSD, cocaine, alcohol Smoking Malnutrition Mutations Fetus organs may do not work Permanent brain damage, blindness, or death Baby’s addiction to drugs Mental retardation Premature birth Lower birth weight Lower birth weigh

9. Test & Exams Friday 6 th June: Test Human Reproduction Friday 13 th June: Final Exam Monday 16 th June: Final Exam

10. 1) Do the data in the given tables justify scientists' conclusions that alcohol causes physical abnormalities at birth by interfering with the normal development of the fetus? Using one or more complete sentences, defend your position with supporting data. Yes. The babies whose mothers drank alcohol were smaller (2,555 g and 46.8 cm) than the babies whose mothers did not drink alcohol (3,094 g and 50.1 cm).

11. 2) What additional data would be needed to better support the scientists' conclusions? 3) Using one or more complete sentences, explain why alcohol consumption by the mother is especially harmful during the early stages of pregnancy Alcohol is considered a poison, and it could interfere with cell division as the fetus is developing. Scientists could get I.Q.'s of the children when they get older to determine if they have intellectual problems.

12. 4. Identify the structure labeled A and explain how the functioning of structure A is essential for the normal development of the fetus. [2] 5. Explain why consumption of alcoholic beverages by a pregnant woman is likely to be more harmful to her fetus than to herself. [1] Structure A: Women are advised to avoid consuming alcoholic beverages during pregnancy. When the alcohol from the mother’s bloodstream enters the fetus, the relative amount is much greater due to the smaller size of the fetus. The fetus is still developing. Structure A is Placenta Nutrient and oxygen in the blood of the mother diffuse into the blood of the embryo through placenta. Wastes and carbon dioxide diffuse from the blood of the embryo into the blood of the mother through placenta