1. RESPIRATORY AND CIRCULATORY SYSTEMS

2. BLOOD pgs 940-942 plasma: liquid medium to nourish cells
red blood cells (erythrocytes): transport CO2 and O2
white blood cells (leukocytes): defend against disease
platelets: form blood clots

3. CIRCULATORY SYSTEM pgs 933-939
Moves fluid throughout the body

4. STRUCTURES
Heart – muscular organ that pumps blood to all parts of the body.

5. Vessels: smooth muscle surrounded by connective tissue
a. arteries – carries blood from the heart
b. veins –carries blood to the heart
c. capillaries –narrow blood vessels that pass
blood (cells) in single file.

7. MOVEMENT OF BLOOD
right side: (deoxygenated) blood from body to heart to lungs
left side: (oxygenated) blood from lungs to the heart to body.

8. RESPIRATORY pgs

9. EXTERNAL FUNCTION
exchange of gases between atmosphere and blood

10. MECHANISM
Large skeletal muscle (diaphragm) contracts pulling lungs down causing them to fill with air

11. INTERNAL FUNCTION exchange of gases between blood and cells
Gases diffuse across due to concentration gradients
lungs (alveoli)  capillaries (carrying blood)

12. Exhaled air Inhaled air Alveolar spaces Alveolar epithelial cells CO2
Figure 42.UN02
Exhaled air
Inhaled air
Alveolar
spaces
Alveolar
epithelial
cells
CO2 O2
Alveolar
capillaries
Pulmonary
arteries
Pulmonary
veins
Systemic
veins
Systemic
arteries
Heart
Figure 42.UN02 Summary figure, Concept 42.2
Systemic
capillaries
CO2 O2
Body tissue

13. Sensor/control center: Aorta Cerebrospinal fluid
Figure 42.29
Homeostasis:
Blood pH of about 7.4
CO2 level
decreases.
Stimulus:
Rising level of
CO2 in tissues
lowers blood pH.
Response:
Rib muscles
and diaphragm
increase rate
and depth of
ventilation.
Carotid
arteries
Figure Homeostatic control of breathing.
Sensor/control center:
Aorta
Cerebrospinal fluid
Medulla
oblongata

14. HOMEOSTASIS Breathing control centers are in the brain
The rate and depth of breathing in response to pH changes (O2 and CO2 concentrations)