1. 13.o1,02 Plant Growth, Development Part 1 13.01 Compare Plant Sciences 13.02 Differentiate Terms

2. There Are Two Kinds of Sciences 1. Basic science 2. Applied

3. Basic Plant Sciences A. Biology – the branch of science that deals with plant and animal organisms and life processes. A. Biology – the branch of science that deals with plant and animal organisms and life processes. 1. Zoology – the part of biology that deals with animals. 1. Zoology – the part of biology that deals with animals. 2. Botany – the part of biology that deals with plants. 2. Botany – the part of biology that deals with plants.

4. Applied Plant Sciences 1.Agronomy- the science and practice of growing field crops. Cotton, wheat, tobacco, corn and soybeans. 1.Agronomy- the science and practice of growing field crops. Cotton, wheat, tobacco, corn and soybeans. 2.Forestry- the science and practice of growing, managing and harvesting tress for building materials and other products. 2.Forestry- the science and practice of growing, managing and harvesting tress for building materials and other products. 3.Horticulture- the science and practice of growing, processing and marketing fruits, vegetables and ornamental plants. 3.Horticulture- the science and practice of growing, processing and marketing fruits, vegetables and ornamental plants.

5. Compare Plant Sciences ( Applied Science) Agronomy- growing field crops Agronomy- growing field crops Tobacco Tobacco Cotton Cotton Wheat Wheat Corn Corn Soybean Soybean

6. Compare Plant Sciences Forestry- Forestry- 1. Grow trees for lumber 1. Grow trees for lumber 2.Manage forest 2.Manage forest

7. Compare Plant Sciences- horticulture Pomology-fruits and nuts. Pomology-fruits and nuts. Floriculture- flowers. Floriculture- flowers. Olericulture- vegteables. Olericulture- vegteables. Ornamental and landscape horticulture (nursery, turf grass). Ornamental and landscape horticulture (nursery, turf grass). The above are all horticultural sciences and practices.

8. Compare Plant Sciences One way to distinguish among plant sciences is to observe the purpose that the plant is grown. One way to distinguish among plant sciences is to observe the purpose that the plant is grown.

9. These Are a Few Terms Used to Describe Plants. 13.0,2 Leaf retention Deciduous- drops its leaves in the dormant (winter) season. Ex. Oaks,maples, bald cypress. Deciduous- drops its leaves in the dormant (winter) season. Ex. Oaks,maples, bald cypress. Evergreen- does not drop its leaves in the dormant season. Keeps its leaves all year long. Evergreen- does not drop its leaves in the dormant season. Keeps its leaves all year long.

10. Terms for Life cycle Annual-completes its life cycle in one growing season. (In one year). Annual-completes its life cycle in one growing season. (In one year). Biennial- completes its life cycle in two growing season. Biennial- completes its life cycle in two growing season. Perennial- completes its life cycle in more than two growing seasons. Perennial- completes its life cycle in more than two growing seasons.

11. Horomones 1.Inhibitors or hasten fruit ripening, inhibits or restrains seed germination and stem elongation. 1.Inhibitors or hasten fruit ripening, inhibits or restrains seed germination and stem elongation. 2.Cytokinins- Horomones that work with auxins to stimulate cell division. 2.Cytokinins- Horomones that work with auxins to stimulate cell division. 3.Gibberellias- Horomones that stimulate cell elongation, premature flowering and breaking of dormancy. 3.Gibberellias- Horomones that stimulate cell elongation, premature flowering and breaking of dormancy. Auxins- Horomones that speed plant growth by stimulating cell enlargement. Auxins- Horomones that speed plant growth by stimulating cell enlargement.

12. Moisture in Plants 1.Turgid- plant is swollen or filled with moisture. 1.Turgid- plant is swollen or filled with moisture. 2.Wilted- plant is limp because it does not have enough moisture. 2.Wilted- plant is limp because it does not have enough moisture.

13. Review..name two types of sciences Basic and applied. Basic and applied.

14. Horticulture,agronomy,and forestry are…. Applied sciences Applied sciences

15. Rev.. Biology, zoology, and botany are…. Rev.. Biology, zoology, and botany are…. Basic sciences Basic sciences

16. Review.. Annuals complete their life cycle in ??? One growing season One growing season

17. Keeps leaves and remains green year-long Evergreen Evergreen

18. Plant is swollen or filled with moisture Turgid Turgid

19. Plants are limp not enough moisture… Wilted Wilted

20. Biennial lives how long ??? Life cycle is two years. Life cycle is two years.

21. A plant that completes its life cycle in more than two years Perennial Perennial

22. Loses its leaves during dormant season Deciduous Deciduous

23. 14.0,1 Identifying the Major Parts of Plants Plant Parts

24. External Parts of Leaves A.Petiole- leaf stalk or part that connects leaf to stem. A.Petiole- leaf stalk or part that connects leaf to stem. B.Blade- the large, flat part of a leaf. B.Blade- the large, flat part of a leaf. C.Midrib- the large center vein. C.Midrib- the large center vein. D.Veins- the structural framework of leaf. D.Veins- the structural framework of leaf. E.Margin- the edge of leaf. E.Margin- the edge of leaf.

25. External Part of the Leaf Find the… Find the… Petiole Petiole Midrib Midrib Blade Blade Veins Veins Margin Margin

26. Internal Parts of Leaves A.Upper and lower epidermis- skin of the leaf that prevents the loss of too much moisture. A.Upper and lower epidermis- skin of the leaf that prevents the loss of too much moisture. B.Stomates- small openings under the leaf for breathing or transpiration. B.Stomates- small openings under the leaf for breathing or transpiration. C.Guard cells- open and close stomates. C.Guard cells- open and close stomates. D.Chloroplasts- small green particles that contain chlorophyll, give leaves their green color and are necessary for photosynthesis. D.Chloroplasts- small green particles that contain chlorophyll, give leaves their green color and are necessary for photosynthesis.

27. Internal Parts of the Leaf Find the… Find the… 1.Upper and lower epidermis 1.Upper and lower epidermis 2.Stomates 2.Stomates 3.Guard cells 3.Guard cells 4.Chloroplast 4.Chloroplast

28. External Parts of Stems A.-Lenticels- breathing pores. A.-Lenticels- breathing pores. B.-Bud scale scars- show where terminal buds have been located. B.-Bud scale scars- show where terminal buds have been located. C.-Leaf scars- show where leaves were attached. C.-Leaf scars- show where leaves were attached. D.Terminal bud – bud on end of stem. D.Terminal bud – bud on end of stem. E. Auxiliary or lateral bud - bud on side of stem. E. Auxiliary or lateral bud - bud on side of stem.

29. Internal Parts of a Stem A.Xylem- tissue that transports water and nutrients up from roots to stems and leaves. A.Xylem- tissue that transports water and nutrients up from roots to stems and leaves. B.Ploem- tissue that transports food down from leaves to roots. B.Ploem- tissue that transports food down from leaves to roots. C.Cambium- thin, green, actively growing tissue located between bark and wood and produces all new stem cells. C.Cambium- thin, green, actively growing tissue located between bark and wood and produces all new stem cells. D.Bark- old inactive phloem. D.Bark- old inactive phloem.

30. Internal Parts of Stem (Con.) E.Heartwood- old inactive xylem. E.Heartwood- old inactive xylem. F.Sapwood- new active xylem. F.Sapwood- new active xylem. G.Monocota ( monocot) - plant stems have vascular bundles that contain both xylem and phloem in each bundle-examples: grasses, corn. G.Monocota ( monocot) - plant stems have vascular bundles that contain both xylem and phloem in each bundle-examples: grasses, corn. H. Dicata ( dicot) - plant stems have phloem layer and xlyem layer separated by cambium-example: trees. H. Dicata ( dicot) - plant stems have phloem layer and xlyem layer separated by cambium-example: trees.

31. External Parts of Roots A. Much different from those 0f stems. A. Much different from those 0f stems. B. Root cap-indicates growth of new cells. B. Root cap-indicates growth of new cells. C. Root hairs-absorb moisture (water) and minerals. C. Root hairs-absorb moisture (water) and minerals.

32. Internal Parts of the Root Much like stems. Much like stems. 1.Phloem – the outer layer that carries the food down to the root. 1.Phloem – the outer layer that carries the food down to the root. 2.Xylem – the inner layer that carries water and mineral (fertilizer) to the stem. 2.Xylem – the inner layer that carries water and mineral (fertilizer) to the stem.

33. Two Types of Roots Two Types of Roots Fibrous- many branched shallow roots,easy to transplant. Fibrous- many branched shallow roots,easy to transplant. 2. Tap root long root with few branches, more difficult to transplant. 2. Tap root long root with few branches, more difficult to transplant.

34. Two Types of Roots Fibrous root tap root Fibrous root tap root

35. Flowers Develop into seeds and fruits. Develop into seeds and fruits.

36. Flowers and what they do. 1. Produce seeds used for sexual reproduction. 1. Produce seeds used for sexual reproduction. 2. Attract insects for pollination. Pollination is the transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma. 2. Attract insects for pollination. Pollination is the transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma. 3. Produce fruit to protect, nourish and carry seeds. 3. Produce fruit to protect, nourish and carry seeds.

37. Flower parts Major parts Major parts

38. Flower parts A closer look A closer look

39. Male flower Stamen Stamen

40. Male Flower 1. Stamens-the male flower parts include: 1. Stamens-the male flower parts include: A. Filament-short stalk that holds up the anther. A. Filament-short stalk that holds up the anther. B. Anther-a sac-like structure that contains, pollen, the male sex cells. B. Anther-a sac-like structure that contains, pollen, the male sex cells.

41. Female Flower Pistil Pistil

42. Female Flower 1. Pistol-the female flower parts include: 1. Pistol-the female flower parts include: A. Ovules-the eggs or female sex cells that become seeds if fertilized. A. Ovules-the eggs or female sex cells that become seeds if fertilized. B. Ovary-if fertilized becomes fruit or seed coat. B. Ovary-if fertilized becomes fruit or seed coat. C. Style-holds up the stigma and connects it to the ovary. C. Style-holds up the stigma and connects it to the ovary. D. Stigma- sticky part on top of style where insect leave pollen. D. Stigma- sticky part on top of style where insect leave pollen.

43. Flowers 1. Sepals-green parts that cover and protect flower bud before it opens. 1. Sepals-green parts that cover and protect flower bud before it opens. 2. Petals-are really leaves that are modified to attract insects for flower pollination, the pretty part that we call flowers. 2. Petals-are really leaves that are modified to attract insects for flower pollination, the pretty part that we call flowers.

44. Flower (Continued) A. Complete flower-has both male and female parts. A. Complete flower-has both male and female parts. B. Incomplete flower-has only male or female parts. B. Incomplete flower-has only male or female parts.

45. 14.02 describe the function of the major.. PLANT PARTS

46. Leaves 1. Photosynthesis-manufactures food in green plants which is the beginning of the food chain for all living things on earth. 1. Photosynthesis-manufactures food in green plants which is the beginning of the food chain for all living things on earth. 2. Photosynthesis is the process by which carbon dioxide and water in the presence of light are converted to sugar and oxygen. 2. Photosynthesis is the process by which carbon dioxide and water in the presence of light are converted to sugar and oxygen. 3. Chemical formula for photosynthesis. 3. Chemical formula for photosynthesis.

47. Chemical Formulas Photosynthesis Photosynthesis

48. Stems 1. Translocation-move water and minerals from roots up to the leaves and move food from the leaves down to the roots. 1. Translocation-move water and minerals from roots up to the leaves and move food from the leaves down to the roots. 2. Support branches, leaves, flowers, fruit and seeds. 2. Support branches, leaves, flowers, fruit and seeds.

49. Roots 1. Absorption-take water and nutrients from the soil and conduct them to the stem. 1. Absorption-take water and nutrients from the soil and conduct them to the stem. 2. Anchor the plant and hold it upright. 2. Anchor the plant and hold it upright. 3. Store food for plant use. 3. Store food for plant use. 4. Asexual reproduction in some plants. 4. Asexual reproduction in some plants.

50. Flowers 1. Produce seeds used for sexual propagation. 1. Produce seeds used for sexual propagation. 2. Attract insects for pollination. (Pollination is the transfer of pollen from anther to stigma.). 2. Attract insects for pollination. (Pollination is the transfer of pollen from anther to stigma.). Produce fruit to protect,nourish and carry seeds. Produce fruit to protect,nourish and carry seeds.

51. 016.00 Analyze the Process of the Growth in Horticultural Plants 016.01 Compare and contrast the process and stages of growth in horticulture plants

52. Plant Processes Photosynthesis is the food manufacturing process in green plants Photosynthesis is the food manufacturing process in green plants Respiration is the process through which plant leaves, stems, and roots consume oxygen Respiration is the process through which plant leaves, stems, and roots consume oxygen Absorption is the process in which plant roots take in water and air Absorption is the process in which plant roots take in water and air

53. Plant Processes Transpiration is the process in which plants loose the water from leaves and stems through evaporation Transpiration is the process in which plants loose the water from leaves and stems through evaporation Translocation is the process in which food and nutrients are moved from one plant part to another Translocation is the process in which food and nutrients are moved from one plant part to another Reproduction is the plant process that increases the plants seeds Reproduction is the plant process that increases the plants seeds

54. Stages of Growth Juvenile is when the plant first starts to grow from a seed Juvenile is when the plant first starts to grow from a seed Reproductive is when the plant produces flowers, seeds, and fruits Reproductive is when the plant produces flowers, seeds, and fruits Dormant is when the plant rests or grows very little if any Dormant is when the plant rests or grows very little if any

55. 16.02 Cells basic unit of Growth 16.02 Cells basic unit of Growth Nucleus is the location of the plant’s genetic/hereditary make-up Nucleus is the location of the plant’s genetic/hereditary make-up Protoplasm is the living matters of the cell Protoplasm is the living matters of the cell Plasma membrane surrounds protoplasm and allows the exchange of nutrients and gases into and out of the cell Plasma membrane surrounds protoplasm and allows the exchange of nutrients and gases into and out of the cell

56. Cells basic unit of Growth Cell wall is rigid and provides support for the cell and the whole plant Cell wall is rigid and provides support for the cell and the whole plant Other cell structures Other cell structures A. Chloroplasts B. Vacuole C. Plastids D. Mitochondrion

57. Tissue Tissue-a group of cells with similar origin and function. Tissue-a group of cells with similar origin and function. 1.Classified according to their origin and function. 1.Classified according to their origin and function. A. Structure of permanent tissue. A. Structure of permanent tissue. 1) simple-usually one type of cell. 1) simple-usually one type of cell. 2) complex-several types of cells. 2) complex-several types of cells.

58. Tissue (Cont.) B. Origin and function. B. Origin and function. 1) meristematic-near tip of stems and roots where cell division and enlargement occur. 2) vascular cambium-increase growth in diameter of stems.

59. Tissues (cont.) C. Simple tissues. C. Simple tissues. 1) epidermal-one-cell thick, outer layer, protects, prevents water loss. 2) sclerenchyma-have thickened cell walls and contain fibers to give strength and support to plant structures.

60. Tissue (Cont.) D. Collenchymas-have thick cell walls that strengthen and support plant structures. D. Collenchymas-have thick cell walls that strengthen and support plant structures. E. Parenchyma-fleshy part of plant that stores water and nutrients. E. Parenchyma-fleshy part of plant that stores water and nutrients.

61. Phases of the Asexual Cycle 1. Vegetative-growth and development of buds, roots, leaves and stems. 1. Vegetative-growth and development of buds, roots, leaves and stems. A. Cell elongation-stage when cells enlarge. B. Differentiation-stage when cells specialize.  2. Reproductive - flowering-plant develops flower buds that will develop into flowers, fruits and seeds.

62. 16.03Investigate how.. Light,moisture,temperature, and nutrients affect plants. Light,moisture,temperature, and nutrients affect plants.

63. A. Light 1. Photoperiodism-response of plants to different amounts of light regarding their flowering and reproduction cycles. 1. Photoperiodism-response of plants to different amounts of light regarding their flowering and reproduction cycles. 2. Necessary because of photosynthesis. 2. Necessary because of photosynthesis. 3.Not enough light causes long slender, spindly stems. 3.Not enough light causes long slender, spindly stems. 4. Too much causes plants to dry out fast. 4. Too much causes plants to dry out fast.

64. B. Moisture 1. Needed in large amounts because plant tissue is mostly water and water carries nutrients. 1. Needed in large amounts because plant tissue is mostly water and water carries nutrients. 2. Not enough water causes wilting and stunted growth. 2. Not enough water causes wilting and stunted growth. 3. Too much causes the roots to drown.(Roots must breath air water fills the air space.). 3. Too much causes the roots to drown.(Roots must breath air water fills the air space.).

65. C. Temperature 1. Needs vary depending on type of plant.(Pansies need cool temps. Vegetables need warm.). 1. Needs vary depending on type of plant.(Pansies need cool temps. Vegetables need warm.). 2. Either too high or too low will have adverse effects. 2. Either too high or too low will have adverse effects.

66. D. Nutrients D. Nutrients 1. Plants need nutrients N-P-K and others to grow properly. 1. Plants need nutrients N-P-K and others to grow properly. 2. But has little effect on seed germination. 2. But has little effect on seed germination.

67. E. Combining light, moisture, temperature and nutrients. 1. Give a plant all these in the right quantities will give optimum plant growth. 1. Give a plant all these in the right quantities will give optimum plant growth. 2. Each has an effect on the other. 2. Each has an effect on the other. 3. Unfavorable environmental conditions for plant growth (above) can cause diseases to be more severe. 3. Unfavorable environmental conditions for plant growth (above) can cause diseases to be more severe.