1. The Male and Female Reproductive Systems
8th Grade Health

2. Human Sexuality
Between the ages of 9-13 children go through puberty, which marks the beginning of adolescence
Puberty occurs as a result of the release of hormones

3. Hormones Testosterone – male hormone
Estrogen and progesterone – female hormone
Male and female hormones are responsible for the physical, emotional, and social changes that occur

4. Physical Changes
The development of sex characteristics - those related to one’s gender
Primary sex characteristics are directly related to the production of the reproductive cells – sperm for males, and ovum for females

5. Secondary sex characteristics
Males:
Broadening of the chest
Deepening of the voice
Body hair
Females:
Widening of hips
Development of breasts

6. Male Reproductive System
During puberty, the pituitary gland stimulates the testes to begin producing the male sex hormone, testosterone.
This stimulation causes puberty to begin!
Testosterone causes the production of sperm – male reproductive cell

8. Male reproduction system
Click here to see the male reproductive system

9. External Male Reproductive Organs
Penis: male reproductive organ for both reproduction and urination
Scrotum: a pouch that holds and protects the two male reproductive glands called testes
Testes are the endocrine system glands that product testosterone
Scrotum regulates temperature for sperm production

10. External Male Reproductive Organs
Testes:
Contain tubes called the seminiferous tubules (where sperm are produced)
After formed, the sperm move into the epididymis.
Seminiferous Tubules
Located in the testicles
Tubes where sperm are held and mature
Epididymis – located on the outer surface of the testes – sperm mature here

11. Internal male reproductive organs
Vas-deferens – a pair of connecting tubes that receives the sperm from the epididymis
As the sperm travels through the vas deferens, they combine with fluids that are produced from other glands to form semen.
Seminal vesicles - a pair of glands on each side of the bladder that secrete seminal fluid and nourish and promote the movement of sperm
Cowper’s gland - two small glands that secrete a mucous substance into the male urethra during sexual excitement to cut acidity for sperm
Ejaculation - expulsion of seminal fluid which contains sperm from the urethra
Urethra – carries sperm and urine to the outside of the body. (a valve prevents the two fluids from mixing

12. Care of the reproductive system
Practice abstinence
Have regular medical checkups
Wear protective clothing and equipment when playing sports
Perform regular testicular examinations
Bathe or shower daily

13. Problems of the male reproductive system
1.Testicular Trauma: injury to the testicles, usually caused when the testes are struck. Any injury to the area can cause pain and swelling. 2. STDS: infections that are spread through sexual activity. 3. Epididymitis: an inflammation of the epididymis. Most often caused by an STD. 4. Testicular Cancer: presence of cancer cells in the testes, often in the form of a lump. It is the most common form of cancer in males between the ages of

14. Female Reproductive System
Organs and the Menstrual Cycle

15. Female reproductive system
Click here to view female reproductive system

16. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

17. Female Reproductive Organs
Vagina: muscular tube that connects the uterus to the outside of the body.
Ovaries: two female reproductive glands that produce egg cells, ovum, and the female reproductive hormone estrogen.
A female is born with about a million immature eggs in her ovaries, but they do not start to be released until puberty.

18. Female Reproductive Organs
Fallopian Tube: a four-inch tube that leads from the ovary.
Each female has 2 fallopian tubes.
Fertilization: typically occurs in the fallopian tube
When the sperm enters the ovum (egg)
Uterus: a muscular organ that holds the fertilized egg through development until birth.
Before ovulation (the release of an egg from the ovary), the uterus thickens. This thickened layer can hold a fertilized egg.
If an egg is fertilized by a sperm, a baby will develop in the mother’s uterus (more information in the next lesson!)

19. The Menstrual Cycle
Menstrual Cycle: monthly series of changes that take place in the female’s reproductive system.
Menstruation: the part of the menstrual cycle during which an unfertilized egg and the inner lining of the uterus are shed from the body.
Onset typically occurs between ages of
Days of Menstrual Cycle

20. Problems of the Female Reproductive System
Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS):
variety of physical and emotional symptoms that a female may experience before menstruation
Menstrual cramps:
Sharp pains in the abdominal area that some females may experience
Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS):
Rare bacterial illness related to tampon use
Symptoms include high fever, vomiting, and rash

21. Problems of the Female Reproductive System
Ovarian Cysts:
Fluid=filled sacs or growths on the ovaries
Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)
Infections spread through sexual activity
Infertility:
Inability to reproduce. Problem can originate in both the male and female reproductive systems.
Cancer:
Abnormally growing cells that kill healthy tissue. Can affect the breasts, ovaries, uterus, or cervix.

22. Caring for the Female Reproductive System
Practice abstinence:
protects against unintended pregnancy and STDs
Have regular medical checkups
Practice good health habits during menstruation
Exercise regularly and reduce caffeine and salt intake
May ease some symptoms of PMS
Perform regular breast self-examinations