1. In order to support your knowledge and understanding of this topic it is advised you use these power points in conjunction with the following sites. http://www.ltscotland.org.uk/higherscottishhistory/warsofindependence/successionan dgreatcause/index.asphttp://www.ltscotland.org.uk/higherscottishhistory/warsofindependence/successionan dgreatcause/index.asp http://www.bbc.co.uk/apps/ifl/learningzone/clips/queryengine?Conte ntType=text%2Fhtml%3B+charset%3Dutf- 8&SuppressCaching=1&page=1&pagesize=12&results=search&con fig=results_pre&attrib_1=SCHOOL_LEVEL_NAME&oper_1=eq&val _1_1=&attrib_2=SUBJECT_NAME&oper_2=eq&val_2_1=&attrib_3= TOPIC&oper_3=eq&val_3_1=&attrib_4=SearchText&oper_4=eq&va l_4_1=scottish+wars+of+independence&clipsSearch.x=3&clipsSear ch.y=9

2. The Scottish Wars of Independence 1286-1328

3. The problems over succession. Overview :- The problems over the “succession crisis” were created when King Alexander III died and left no heir to the Scottish throne. This was due to the fact his only son had died and his new wife Yolande had not fallen pregnant yet.

4. The only heir to his throne was his 3 year old grand daughter Margaret, the Maid of Norway. This caused major problems !! She was in Norway She was only three years old therefore a regent was required to run the country for her She could not lead an army into battle which was expected of a King during this period Whoever married her would become King of Scotland, therefore great care had to be taken to avoid sovereignty issues in future years

5. Death in infancy was a common problem during the 13 th Century Her father the King of Norway would need to grant her permission to become Scotland’s Queen Who would rule Scotland until she was old enough? There was a possibility of a civil war breaking out in Scotland

6. To maintain Scotland’s peace, six influential men were selected These were known as the Guardians The Guardians approached King Edward I of England for help. King Edward had always hoped of merging Scotland and England He immediately agreed To ensure this he arranged for his son to marry the Maid of Norway. In order to gain her release and approval, the Treaty of Salisbury was signed.

7. The Treaty of Birgham was later signed which meant King Edward would respect Scotland’s borders. The election of Scottish churchmen would remain free from Edward’s judgement Scottish crimes would be dealt with in Scotland by Scottish Courts All taxes raised in Scotland would remain in Scotland Edward ordered the Guardians to meet at Norham where, with his large army, he tried to impose himself onto Scotland as their feudal overlord The Guardians escaped this decision by claiming only the King of Scotland could make such a decision. However, they did give him the power to select Scotland’s next King

8. At the age of seven, the Maid of Norway boarded a ship and headed to Scotland to become Queen. Unfortunately, on her voyage she became sick, her ship ended up in Orkney where the Maid died. Scotland faced a “Succession Crisis”

9. The Great Cause The Great Cause relates to the problems facing Scotland With no immediate heir to the throne, possible candidates began to gather their supporters with a view to becoming King Of the thirteen possibilities it came down to just 2 First to claim his rights was Robert Bruce

10. John Balliol also believed he had a valid claim to be Scotland’s new King After the meeting of the Guardians with King Edward at Norham, it was decided he would select Scotland’s next King After hearing the claims of both men it was decided Balliol had the best claim The line of primogeniture was followed Due to being the only son of the oldest daughter, gave Balliol the throne.

11. What YOU should know by the end of this section! In paper II you will be asked to answer 2 questions worth 10 marks and 2 questions worth 5 marks each. In order to prepare fully for these questions, by the end of the four sections, you should have the answer to at least 10 questions/per section. This will then enable you to answer any 10 mark question which may be asked in the exam. The following 2 slides contain 10 questions. You should now answer each question as fully as possible.

12. By the end of Section A you should have answers to the following questions??? When King Alexander III died, who governed Scotland temporarily? Who was next in line to the throne? Why were some if not all the people concerned about having a female leader? Who were the Guardians of Scotland and why did people obey them? Explain the details of the Treaty of Salisbury Explain the details of the Treaty of Birgham?

13. What event took place at Norham? How did King Edward gain control of Scotland? What was the Great Cause? Why was there a problem of who should rule Scotland?