1. Machinery Auxiliary Systems
Contents and Targets
Supplementary to Project Guide. Presentation focuses on system part in excess of engine system diagrams.
Target is presentation of real systems and their components in ships.
Many auxiliary systems are not dependent on engine power or transmission mode (electric - mechanical)
Most are more dependent on number of main engines and number of main engine compartments
Redundant engine rooms should be based on reliability and maintainability analysis
Simple is beautiful! This is valid for all systems.

2. Fuel Oil Systems
HFO treatment plant in ship now receives ample attention. It hardly depends on fuel quality.
Fuel fed to engine must be
homogenous
clean of particles
in correct viscosity
in correct pressure
ample circulation flow
This requires proper systems for
bunkering,
storage,
transfer,
purifying,
feeding
Every stage consists of potential hazards, both in system design and ship operation

3. Fuel Oil Bunkering
Bunkering place depends on price and quality. Extra fuel is carried onboard for one or two roundtrips.
Bunkering stations on both sides. Capacity to receive 100 … 1000 m3/h. Most ships have own volume counters.
Standardised flanges for HFO and MDO to prevent errors.
Gravity filling when delivered to shipside.
Station is arranged so, that fuel entering in overflow pipe is immediately detected.
Fuel related problems are well-known. Most owners utilise analysing services: Sample dripped into sealed bottles. New fuel is kept separate to avoid compatibility problems.

4. Fuel Oil Bunkering
Most ships have own volume counters.

5. Fuel Oil Bunkering and Storage
HFO overflow tank
DO transfer pump
DO day tank
DO storag t.
DO Emerg gener. tank
Bunkering station midship, open deck (sometimes engine room fore corner)
HFO settling t.
day tanks
settling t.
HFO storage tanks P & SB
DO transfer pump (often purifier pump)
HFO suction line
HFO pump suction line
HFO drop fill line in double bottom pipe tunnel
HFO transfer pumps
transfer pump dimensioned for max. 6 h / day

6. Fuel Oil Storage and Transfer
HFO is stored in deep and DB tanks. Fore and aft tanks help optimal trim. Not against shell!
HFO tank & transfer pipe heating is major energy consumer. Many new cargo ships have deep tank groups, not extending to sides.
Dimensioning: largest tank kept at 40oC while second largest is heated up.
HFO transfer pump feeds fuel to settling tanks. Two tanks for safety and flexibility.
Storage tank equipment: sounding: remote and local, air pipes, overflow pipes, heating coils in bottom & around suction bell,
Settling tank allows water and impurities sedimentation on bottom. Equipment: heating coils, insulation, water drain, suction above bottom, baffle plates. High tank with inclined bottom. Kept at constant temperature 60oC.

7. Fuel Oil Purifying
Centrifugal purifiers are still the best. HFO may be contaminated onboard due to sea water, corrosion products and slag.
New purifiers are efficient, automatic and self-monitoring. Yet opening and manual cleaning is needed.
Arrange large purifier room with ventilation, wash equipment and fire control.
Two HFO purifiers are specified in large ships. Seldom 2 x 2 units. One purifier for MDO.
Various operation modes possible.
1 Oil feeding 2 Clean oil outlet Sludge outlet 4 Lock water feed 4a Water exit via valve 4b Water outlet via sludge port
5 Opening water inlet Water exit valve Water exit 8 Gravity disc Plate stack Cover plate Operation water feed

8. Fuel Oil Transfer and Purifying
From HFO transfer pumps
Overflow line from HFO day tank to settling tank
Cooler Preheaters
Water drain in all fuel tanks
HFO day tank
Purifier feed pumps
From DO storage DO feed pump
To sludge tank
Separate day tanks for HFO and MDO

9. Fuel Oil Transfer and Purifying

10. Fuel Oil Feeder Systems
Cooling coil Pressure setting
HFO day tank DO day tank
De-aeration (mixing) tank
Flow meter
Viscosimeter
Pressure setting after ME
Self cleaning filter, manual bypass filter
Clean leak Dirty leak
Never more than 3 engines connected to one system

11. Fuel Oil Feeder Systems
Never more than 3 engines connected to one system

12. Positions of Fuel Oil Treatment Units
Preferably no HFO tanks against sea
Diesel Oil HFO Storage tank Storage tank
Overflow tk (Port side)
Fuel purifiers HFO Settling tk Service tk HFO Storage tk

13. Positions of Fuel Oil Treatment Units
Fuel Oil HFO Storage transfer pumps tanks
HFO Storage tanks also in fore ship

14. Fuel Oil Feeding Systems
Practical engine room designer topics
Only two engines fitted into one system
Location of booster module:
‘fuel corner’ is recommended, together with fuel purifiers
rather high distance from engines accepted
protected piping route! Not near walkways, delicate components nor areas where heavy loads are moved.
module maintenance aspects. Insulated pipe is no footstep!
plan a safe escape route in case of fire

15. Fuel Oil Feeding Systems
Damping of pressure pulses
Injection pump causes short duration pulses
Level 15 bar in common, even 80 bar measured
Mild failures: pressure sensors, ..
Serious failures: pipe ruptures
Level is difficult to predict, level depends on many parameters
IMO will set limit to 16 bar or double wall pipes required
Many types of dampers are used

16. Fuel Oil Feeding Systems
Common problems:
frequent filter clogging: incompatible fuel, small filters, purifier problems
element cavitation caused by water or gas in fuel
screw pump seizure as result of excessive recirculation
Fire hazard
MDO spray ignites immediately when hit on a hot (>150C) surface.
HFO ignition almost equivalent
Protective shielding around flange connections with leak monitoring
Location of fuel lines, delicate and hot equipment
Highest heat is directed above the flames

17. Fuel Oil Equipment on Engine
Injection pumps and pipes are generally well encapsulated
Pressure control valve fitted on each engine
Supply and return pipes must tolerate constant movement of resiliently mounted engine
Leakage oil pipes (clean and dirty) monitored by level switch, trace heating needed
Engine driven fuel circulation pumps common, especially in auxiliary engines
Emergency operation secured with gravity MDO tank or pneumatic pump

18. Lubrication Oil Systems
Separate system for each engine. Right design of circulation tank important.
Note main pump height and its suction capacity. Cavitation is common!
Both automatic filter and safety filters are installed
Continuously operating oil clarifier in by-pass line
Stop valves in sump drain pipes are required if no cofferdam is built below circulation oil tank. They prevent water entering in engine and machinery space.
Cooler and thermostate valve are often built on the engine
Oil level
Vent pipe led to engine casing
Purifier suction in the lowest point

19. Lubrication Oil Systems
Engine driven pumps are preferred if several main engines. Electrically driven priming pump, its capacity depends on duty.
Two full size electrically driven pumps are standard for single engine ships
Emergency lubrication arrangement needed in special cases (when no disconnection clutch). Gravity tank or pneumatically driven pump
Stop valves in sump drain pipes are required if no cofferdam is built below circulation oil tank
Flexible pipe joints in case of resiliently mounted engine

20. Lubrication Oil Systems

21. CP Propeller Lubrication Oil Systems
CP-propeller oil system is integrated for pitch control, cooling and lubrication of mechanisms.
Separate from any other oil system. Typically two electrically driven pumps, filters and coolers assembled on top of storage tank.
Emergency lubrication arrangement needed in special cases.
Monitoring of water content and metal debris in oil is important. Contaminated oil lot is replaced. Can also be purified with centrifuge unit.

22. Positions of Fuel and Lubrication Oil Equipment
LO purifiers
FO booster module (to CL of HFO service tank)
LO pumps LO coolers and filters
LO circulation tank (more LO tanks in double bottom)

23. Steam and Fresh Water Systems – MS Seahorse
Sanitary water treatment
Condenser
Fresh w generator
Fresh water tanks P & S 2 x 100 m3

24. Overhaul and Material Transport – MS Seahorse
Traverse crane above main engine
Engine Engineer store workshop
Bunkering stations P&S
Lifting rail above in the shaft tunnel
(Port) Heavy main engine spare parts secured

25. Overhaul and Material Transport – MS Seahorse
(Port) Heavy engine spare parts secured
Service hatches to weather deck at service crane reach
Lifting rails above diesel gensets, in workshop and store
Engine Engineer store workshop

26. Oil Treatment and Storages – MS Seahorse
Bunkering station P&S on main deck 19500
DOUBLE BOTTOM TANKS in 50 % scale
Oil circulation tank 50 m3
CW drain tank 18 m3
AE LO tank 10 m3
Boiler feed water 44 m3
HFO transfer pumps (on the tanktop)
Distribution box 25 m3
HFO settling tank
Low sea chest
HFO DB stor.
HFO day tank
Leak oil tank 15 m3
Leak Oil 8 m3
HFO storage 150 m3
HFO overflow 35 m3

27. Oil Treatment and Storages – MS Seahorse
Access to steering gear
Cylinder Oil tank 50 m3
AE LO units
LO tanks
MDO storage tanks
AE booster unit
LO purifiers
HFO purifiers & booster unit
HFO settling and day tanks

28. Lube Oil and Cooling Water Systems – MS Seahorse
Central coolers
Main SW pumps
Sea chests
LO transfer pump
SW filters
Fire pump
Aux. SW pumps
LO filter
Fire pump
LO circulation pumps
LO automatic filter