1. CONSCIOUSNESS AND THE SOCIAL BRAIN Michael S. A. Graziano Collaborators: Yin Kelly Taylor Webb Jeffrey Meier Sabine Kastner

2. Attention Schema Theory

4. How and why do brains attribute the property of consciousness to themselves?

5. Selective signal enhancement

11. How can the brain control attention?

12. Partly by using a model of attention.

13. How can the brain control attention? Partly by using a model of attention. (e.g. the brain controls the arm using an internal model of the arm.)

16. Awareness = Attention Schema

17. I am attending to an apple

18. Color Shape Texture Movement Smell Semantic Knowledge

19. I am attending to an apple Color Shape Texture Movement Smell Semantic Knowledge Location Of Self Body Schema Self Identity Mood Memory

20. Color Shape Texture Movement Smell Semantic Knowledge Location Of Self Body Schema Self Identity Mood Memory Attention Schema

21. Color Shape Texture Movement Smell Semantic Knowledge Location Of Self Body Schema Self Identity Mood Memory Attention Schema

22. Color Shape Texture Movement Smell Semantic Knowledge Location Of Self Body Schema Self Identity Mood Memory Attention Schema

23. Color Shape Texture Movement Smell Semantic Knowledge Location Of Self Body Schema Self Identity Mood Memory Attention Schema

24. Color Shape Texture Movement Smell Semantic Knowledge Location Of Self Body Schema Self Identity Mood Memory Attention Schema

25. Color Shape Texture Movement Smell Semantic Knowledge Location Of Self Body Schema Self Identity Mood Memory Attention Schema

26. Predictions

27. If: Awareness = schematic model of attention Predictions

28. If: Awareness = schematic model of attention Then: Prediction 1) You should be able to pay attention to something without being aware of it. Predictions

29. If: Awareness = schematic model of attention Then: Prediction 1) You should be able to pay attention to something without being aware of it. Prediction 2) Predictions

30. If: Awareness = schematic model of attention Then: Prediction 1) You should be able to pay attention to something without being aware of it. Prediction 2) Without awareness of an object, attention to that object should become less controlled. Predictions

31. Temperature outside Temperature Inside

32. Temperature outside Temperature Inside Working Control Mechanism

33. Temperature outside Temperature Inside Working Control Mechanism Broken Control Mechanism

37. Aware

38. Unaware

41. A L

42. A L

43. A L Latency (Seconds) 1.0 Match 0.5

44. A L Latency (Seconds) Match 1.0 0.5

45. A L Latency (Seconds) MatchMismatch 1.0 0.5

46. A L Latency (Seconds) MatchMismatch 1.0 0.5

47. Aware Unaware

53. If: Awareness = schematic model of attention Then: Prediction 1) You should be able to pay attention to something without being aware of it. Prediction 2) Without awareness of an object, attention to that object should become less controlled. Predictions Prediction 3) Brain areas involved in attributing awareness to oneself should overlap with brain areas involved in attributing awareness to others.

58. Gaze and expression suggest the same answer.

59. Gaze and expression suggest the same answer. Gaze suggests one answer, Expression suggests a different answer.

60. Left HemisphereRight Hemisphere

61. Left HemisphereRight Hemisphere TPJ (Temporo-parietal Junction)

62. Awareness Attention Social Attribution

67. Jellyfish

68. Human Consciousness

69. Attention Schema Theory Awareness is a schematic model of attention. The brain attributes awareness to itself and to others.

71. Left HemisphereRight Hemisphere