1. DEFINITION OF HATE CRIME “…any incident, which may or may not constitute a criminal offence, which is perceived by the victim or any other person as being motivated by prejudice or hate.”

2. OFFICIAL CRIME STATISTICS PROBABLY DO NOT REPRESENT OUR EXPERIENCE OF CRIME OFFICIAL CRIME STATISTICS PROBABLY DO NOT REPRESENT OUR EXPERIENCE OF CRIME

3. UNDER REPORTING IS NOT A RANDOM EVENT forecasts of crime trends fail to take proper account of what drives unreported crimeforecasts of crime trends fail to take proper account of what drives unreported crime Individual on relatively high income is 8% more likely to report burglary than someone on less than average incomeIndividual on relatively high income is 8% more likely to report burglary than someone on less than average income

4. LIMITATIONS OF OFFICIAL CRIME STATISTICS Are plagued by “dark figure” of unreported or hidden crimeAre plagued by “dark figure” of unreported or hidden crime Forecasts of crime fail to take account of what drives unreported crime. i.e. unemployed is 7% less likely to report a burglary than someone who is currently employedForecasts of crime fail to take account of what drives unreported crime. i.e. unemployed is 7% less likely to report a burglary than someone who is currently employed Forecasts of crime trends ought to include mechanism for correcting, for reporting behaviourForecasts of crime trends ought to include mechanism for correcting, for reporting behaviour There is disparity between official crime statistics and the public’s experience of crimeThere is disparity between official crime statistics and the public’s experience of crime

5. NON-REPORTING AND DELAYED REPORTING LEARNING DISABILITY/VULNERABLE VICTIMS Reluctance to involve police is based on previous experienceReluctance to involve police is based on previous experience Various factors often cause significant (and often damaging) delays in reportingVarious factors often cause significant (and often damaging) delays in reporting Victims unaware that an offence had been committedVictims unaware that an offence had been committed The incident may not be defined as a crimeThe incident may not be defined as a crime –Prime concern of agencies is the wider issue of “abuse”, their policies reflect this. “Domestic” violence and marital rape were not perceived as crimes –There are often no formalised reporting procedures as the agency policy may not facilitate this

6. ECONOMIC MODELLING OF CRIME PROBLEM These models typically focus on property crimeThese models typically focus on property crime Determine which factors influence the aggregate crime rateDetermine which factors influence the aggregate crime rate Show in addition to being influenced by changes in CJS, some crimes i.e. property crimes increase with unemployment but falls as National Income increasesShow in addition to being influenced by changes in CJS, some crimes i.e. property crimes increase with unemployment but falls as National Income increases

7. What matters to sophisticated public is How they feel How they feel Rather than What official statistics What official statistics They read They read What matters to sophisticated public is How they feel How they feel Rather than What official statistics What official statistics They read They read

8. BARRIERS TO REPORTING lack of confidence in partnerslack of confidence in partners economic factorseconomic factors lack of know-howlack of know-how belief that there is no victim (business crime) or they can afford itbelief that there is no victim (business crime) or they can afford it....

9. POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS TO UNDER REPORTING government’s policy i.e. gun crime, to introduce tough mandatory sentencesgovernment’s policy i.e. gun crime, to introduce tough mandatory sentences 3rd party reporting centres3rd party reporting centres....

10. IS THE WELSH ASSEMBLY QUESTIONNAIRE REVELATIONS REPRESENTATIVE? REPRESENTATIVE?

11. OVER TO YOU