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Published byAnnice Ross Modified over 9 years ago
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Moving On UP The Transition to Faster, Larger More Complex Aircraft Dave Fry, ATP/CFII/MEI/CFIG
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Topics Systems Other Differences Learning the New Airplane
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Systems Constant Speed Prop Retractable Gear Turbo-Charging Pressurization De-Ice/Anti-Ice Electrical
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Systems (Continued) Speed Brakes Radar Turbine Avionics
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Constant Speed Prop Automatic Pitch Change for Best Performance Takeoff to Landing Power Settings and “Over Square”
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Constant Speed Prop Pitch Change Mechanism To Prop High RPMLow RPM On RPM Oil
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Takeoff to Landing Takeoff - High RPM Setting, Full Power Climb - Top of Green X 3 Cruise - Lowest RPM for Desired Power Descent - Reduce Throttle 1 Inch Per Minute Landing - Prop High RPM After Throttle Below ≈18 Inches
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Takeoff to Landing Methodology Power Increase - Mixture, Prop, Throttle Power Decrease - Throttle, Prop Mixture
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Power Settings High RPM, Low Power - Hardest on Engine High Power, Low RPM - Best if OK by POH “Over Square” - Absolute Fiction
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Retractable Gear Types Operation
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Types of Retractable Gear Hydraulic - Aztec, most jets Electric - Bonanza, Baron Electric Motor, Hydraulic Pump - Arrow, Cutlass, Centurion, Malibu, Saratoga Armstrong - Older Mooney
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Gear Operation Takeoff - No Useable Runway Left, Tap Brakes, Raise Gear Downwind or FAF - Gear Down - Hand on Handle Until Down and Locked Base or 500 Feet - Confirm Down and Locked Short Final - Final Check, Down and Locked
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Turbocharging Structure Operation
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Turbocharging Structure To Intake Manifold Exhaust
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Turbocharging Structure (Continued) To Intake Manifold Exhaust Waste Gate
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Turbocharging Operations Power Increases –Normal Until Boost Range –Very Rapid With Tendency to Over Boost –Real Problem When Cold Power Decreases –An Inch a Minute to Avoid Shock Cooling –Plan MUCH Further Ahead
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Pressurization Topics Pressurization Operation Pre-Takeoff and Pre-Landing Checklist
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Pressurization - Pre Engine Start
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Pressurization - Engine Start FI GND FLT DEPRESS PRESS GI Ambient Cabin Vacuum Control Rate Ctl
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Pressurization - Climbout FI GND FLT DEPRESS PRESS GI Ambient Cabin Vacuum Control Rate Ctl
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Pressurization - Climbout 2 FI GND FLT DEPRESS PRESS GI Ambient Cabin Vacuum Control Rate Ctl
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Pressurization - Climbout 3 FI GND FLT DEPRESS PRESS GI Ambient Cabin Vacuum Control Rate Ctl
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Pressurization - At Selected Altitude 1 FI GND FLT DEPRESS PRESS GI Ambient Cabin Vacuum Control Rate Ctl
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Pressurization -At Selected Altitude 2 FI GND FLT DEPRESS PRESS GI Ambient Cabin Vacuum Control Rate Ctl
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Pre-Takeoff and Pre-Landing Checklist P.R.A.A.Y. –Pressurization - ON, Set, Zero Differential –Radar - OFF or STANDBY –Autopilot - OFF –Air Conditioner - OFF –Yaw Damper - OFF
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Pressurization Controls Climb –Set to Final Altitude Before Takeoff Descent –Set to Assigned Altitude as Descent Begins –Turn Altitude Knob Slowly Until Rate Stabilizes
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De-Ice/Anti-Ice Systems Types of Systems Operation
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De-Ice/Anti-Ice Systems Pneumatic (Boots) - Wings, Stabilizers Alcohol/Glycol - Prop, Wings, Stabilizers, Windshields Electric - Prop, Windshields, Stall Warning Vanes, Pitot Tubes, Static Ports, AOA Vanes Heated Bleed Air - Engine Air Inlets, Wings
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De-Ice/Anti-Ice Operations All Systems at First Sign of Icing Windshields, Probes, and Vanes on Takeoff
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De-Ice/Anti-Ice Operations All Systems at First Sign of Icing Windshields, Probes, and Vanes on Takeoff
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De-Ice/Anti-Ice Operations All Systems at First Sign of Icing Windshields, Probes, and Vanes on Takeoff
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De-Ice/Anti-Ice Operations All Systems at First Sign of Icing Windshields, Probes, and Vanes on Takeoff
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De-Ice/Anti-Ice Operations All Systems at First Sign of Icing Windshields, Probes, and Vanes on Takeoff
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De-Ice/Anti-Ice Operations All Systems at First Sign of Icing Windshields, Probes, and Vanes on Takeoff
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De-Ice/Anti-Ice Operations All Systems at First Sign of Icing Windshields, Probes, and Vanes on Takeoff Tailplane Stall
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Electrical Typical System Power Up and Load Shedding
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Before Start AVIONIC 1 BUSNON ESSENTIAL BUSAVIONIC 2 BUS GEN 2 BUS BATTERY DIRECT BUS GEN 1 BUS ON OFF OVRD ON AUTO ON OFF ON OFF ON OFF ON OFF ON OFF AVIONIC 1 SWITCH N ESNTL SWITCH AVIONIC 2 SWITCH GEN 2 TIE BUS TIE GEN 2 RELAY GEN 2 SWITCH GEN 2 BATTERY - + GEN 1 SWITCH STARTER/ GEN 1 STARTER RELAY BATTERY BUS EXT POWER BATTERY SWITCH EXT POWER SWITCH +
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AVIONIC 1 BUSNON ESSENTIAL BUSAVIONIC 2 BUS GEN 2 BUS BATTERY DIRECT BUS GEN 1 BUS ON OFF OVRD ON AUTO ON OFF ON OFF ON OFF ON OFF ON OFF AVIONIC 1 SWITCH N ESNTL SWITCH AVIONIC 2 SWITCH GEN 2 TIE BUS TIE GEN 2 RELAY GEN 2 SWITCH GEN 2 BATTERY - + GEN 1 SWITCH STARTER/ GEN 1 STARTER RELAY BATTERY BUS EXT POWER BATTERY SWITCH EXT POWER SWITCH Battery Master - ON
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AVIONIC 1 BUSNON ESSENTIAL BUSAVIONIC 2 BUS GEN 2 BUS BATTERY DIRECT BUS GEN 1 BUS ON OFF OVRD ON AUTO ON OFF ON OFF ON OFF ON OFF ON OFF AVIONIC 1 SWITCH N ESNTL SWITCH AVIONIC 2 SWITCH GEN 2 TIE BUS TIE GEN 2 RELAY GEN 2 SWITCH GEN 2 BATTERY - + GEN 1 SWITCH STARTER/ GEN 1 STARTER RELAY BATTERY BUS EXT POWER BATTERY SWITCH EXT POWER SWITCH Starter Relay
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AVIONIC 1 BUSNON ESSENTIAL BUSAVIONIC 2 BUS GEN 2 BUS BATTERY DIRECT BUS GEN 1 BUS ON OFF OVRD ON AUTO ON OFF ON OFF ON OFF ON OFF ON OFF AVIONIC 1 SWITCH N ESNTL SWITCH AVIONIC 2 SWITCH GEN 2 TIE BUS TIE GEN 2 RELAY GEN 2 SWITCH GEN 2 BATTERY - + GEN 1 SWITCH STARTER/ GEN 1 STARTER RELAY BATTERY BUS EXT POWER BATTERY SWITCH EXT POWER SWITCH Gen 1 On Line
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AVIONIC 1 BUSNON ESSENTIAL BUSAVIONIC 2 BUS GEN 2 BUS BATTERY DIRECT BUS GEN 1 BUS ON OFF OVRD ON AUTO ON OFF ON OFF ON OFF ON OFF ON OFF AVIONIC 1 SWITCH N ESNTL SWITCH AVIONIC 2 SWITCH GEN 2 TIE BUS TIE GEN 2 RELAY GEN 2 SWITCH GEN 2 BATTERY - + GEN 1 SWITCH STARTER/ GEN 1 STARTER RELAY BATTERY BUS EXT POWER BATTERY SWITCH EXT POWER SWITCH Gen 2 On Line
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AVIONIC 1 BUSNON ESSENTIAL BUSAVIONIC 2 BUS GEN 2 BUS BATTERY DIRECT BUS GEN 1 BUS ON OFF OVRD ON AUTO ON OFF ON OFF ON OFF ON OFF ON OFF AVIONIC 1 SWITCH N ESNTL SWITCH AVIONIC 2 SWITCH GEN 2 TIE BUS TIE GEN 2 RELAY GEN 2 SWITCH GEN 2 BATTERY - + GEN 1 SWITCH STARTER/ GEN 1 STARTER RELAY BATTERY BUS EXT POWER BATTERY SWITCH EXT POWER SWITCH Avionics On
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AVIONIC 1 BUSNON ESSENTIAL BUSAVIONIC 2 BUS GEN 2 BUS BATTERY DIRECT BUS GEN 1 BUS ON OFF OVRD ON AUTO ON OFF ON OFF ON OFF ON OFF ON OFF AVIONIC 1 SWITCH N ESNTL SWITCH AVIONIC 2 SWITCH GEN 2 TIE BUS TIE GEN 2 RELAY GEN 2 SWITCH GEN 2 BATTERY - + GEN 1 SWITCH STARTER/ GEN 1 STARTER RELAY BATTERY BUS EXT POWER BATTERY SWITCH EXT POWER SWITCH Gen 1 Failure
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AVIONIC 1 BUSNON ESSENTIAL BUSAVIONIC 2 BUS GEN 2 BUS BATTERY DIRECT BUS GEN 1 BUS ON OFF OVRD ON AUTO ON OFF ON OFF ON OFF ON OFF ON OFF AVIONIC 1 SWITCH N ESNTL SWITCH AVIONIC 2 SWITCH GEN 2 TIE BUS TIE GEN 2 RELAY GEN 2 SWITCH GEN 2 BATTERY - + GEN 1 SWITCH STARTER/ GEN 1 STARTER RELAY BATTERY BUS EXT POWER BATTERY SWITCH EXT POWER SWITCH Gen 1 and Bus Tie Failure
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Speed Brakes Increase Descent Without Increasing Speed Not Particularly Effective at Slow Speeds Usually Binary - Either On or Off
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Radar Indicates Location and Size of Water Drops Can Be Masked by Nearby Returns Doesn’t Show Where to Fly Shows Where NOT to Fly
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Turbine Simpler Operations More Power More Bleed Air Longer TBO
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Avionics Glass Cockpits EGPWS IHAS
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Other Differences Speed Weight (Momentum) Number of Seats Cargo/Passenger/Fuel Flexibility Visibility FAA Requirements Insurance Requirements
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Speed Planning Ahead –Communications –Altitude/Power Changes –Charts Larger Turn Radius Longer Takeoff/Landing Distances Longer Range
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Weight Momentum Stability Landing (Vertical Speed) Landing (Crosswinds)
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Number of Seats CG Issues Multiple Configurations
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FAA Requirements Complex Endorsement High Performance Endorsement High Altitude Endorsement MultiEngine Rating Type Rating
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Insurance Requirements FAA Requirements Time in Type Total Time Complex Time High Performance Time Instrument Rating School Recurrent Training
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Visibility Usually Poor From 3 to 8 O’Clock
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Learning the New Airplane POH Checklists Simulator Dual Calibrating the Plane Regular Practice
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POH Section 7 - How Things Work Section 9 - How the Other Things Work Section 2 - What Can Kill You Section 3 - When Things DON’T Work Section 4 - Normal Procedures Sections 5, 6, and 8
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Checklists Read the Manufacturer’s Checklist Make Your Own!
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Simulator Type Specific, or It’s Not Worthwhile Focus is on Emergency/Abnormal Procs May Be Required by Insurance Great Place to Fine Tune Checklists
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Dual Fly With High Time Pro (Current) Insist on Lesson Plans and Objectives
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Calibrating the Plane Power/Flap/Gear Settings That Give Desired Airspeeds for: –Climb –Cruise –Descent –Downwind –Base –Final –Go Around
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Practice Practice Abnormal Procedures Every Other Month Review Emergency Procs Monthly Fly With a Pro Every 6 Months
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