1. Creativity Let me tell you a little about myself. Do it now!!

2. Blogging debrief Telling the lie… Finding the lie… Context – typical vs. atypical information

3. Why the lie? Lies encourage an atmosphere for creativity. Lies require us to overcome cultural blocks & prohibitions. Lies are often told in patterns. Lying requires risk taking.

4. Why Man (& Woman) Creates? 1. The Edifice 2. Fooling Around 3. The Process 4. The Judgment 5. The question 6. A parable 7. A Digression 8. The Search

5. Lets discuss why humans create…  The nature of creative process.  The variety, richness & importance of creative vision.  Observation, exploration, commitment and hard work as a part of creativity.  How play relates to the creative process.  Failure as a necessity in creativity.  How society responds to new ideas and to the creative process.

6. Brainstorm – a list of 40 creative words 1. 11.21.31. 2. 12.22.32 3. 13.23.33. 4. 14.24.34. 5. 15.25.35. 6. 16.2636. 7. 17.27.37. 8. 18.28.38. 9. 19.29.39. 10. 20.30.40.

7. Hilda Taba * Technique 1. List the words on individual slips of paper. 2. Group the words. 3. Label the groups. *Hilda Taba is an educational theorist who developed the concept attainment model.

8. Grouped words and their respective labels

9. Let’s Define Creativity…..

10. Constructs of Creativity Person Process Product Press (Situation)

11. Purpose of this course: Understanding the Theory most researchers agree that creativity involves “originality, appropriateness and the production of work of value to society

12. Creativity is a mental and social process involving the generation of new ideas or concepts, or new associations of the creative mind between existing ideas or concepts. Creativity is fueled by the process of either conscious or unconscious insight..

13. An alternative conception of creativeness is that it is simply the act of making something new. Although intuitively a simple phenomenon, it is in fact quite complex. It has been studied from the perspectives of behavioural psychology, social psychology, psychometrics, cognitive science, artificial intelligence, philosophy, history, economics, design research, business, and management, among others.

14. The studies have covered everyday creativity, exceptional creativity and even artificial creativity. Unlike many phenomena in science, there is no single, authoritative perspective or definition of creativity. And unlike many phenomena in psychology, there is no standardized measurement technique

15. Purpose of the course: Classroom applications Barker, Karpova & Marcketti (2008) say that creativity must be brought to the “center of focus when preparing future citizens to deal with uncertainty and to adapt to continuous change” (p. 1).

16. Purpose of creativity: Personal Our ability to express our deepest feelings is at the core of the importance of creativity. As humans we have a very strong need to express ourselves and we're happiest when other people understand what we are trying to get across to them. http://www.rousingyourmuse.com/index. html

17. Invention Convention

18. Invention Convention Necessity is the mother of invention. Using only the provided newspaper, scissors, and tape invent each of the following items. 1. Something to save your life. 2. A wasp trap. 3. A way to measure a two story building. 4. A foolproof clue to your identity. 5. A container to hold a 10lb rock. 6. A hearing aid. 7. A teaching aid to teach children subtraction. 8. An object to help someone communicate. 9. Something a pet owner may need. 10. Something to help prepare food.

19. Judging Inventions & Creativity Score Flexibility Originality Fluency E

20. Explanations of Creativity 1.Psychoanalytic 2.Humanist 3.Behaviorist 4.Cognitive

21. Theories of Creativity 1. Threshold Theory

22. Which is the most creative? Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony Spielberg’s movie E.T. Einstein’s Theory of Relativity Shirley Cohen’s Curtains Henree’s award winning new hair style Reagan’s theory of “Trickle-Down” economics

23. Which is the most intelligent? Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony Spielberg’s movie E.T. Einstein’s Theory of Relativity Shirley Cohen’s Curtains Henree’s award winning new hair style Reagan’s theory of “Trickle-Down” economics

24. Threshold Theory Intelligence is necessary but not sufficient for creative accomplishments to occur. The relationship between IQ and Creativity is apparent in people whose IQ is below 120. After that there is little predictive value.

25. Theories of Creativity 1. Threshold Theory 2. Psychoanalytic Theorists – Unconscious drive A. Freud B. Kubie C. Kris D. Jung

26. Sigmund Freud and Psychoanalytic Perspective Creativity is said to be the outcome of the unconscious neurotic conflict. Creativity is at the service of the id. Difference between primary process thinking (daydreams, fantasies) and secondary process thinking analytic and logical.

27. Freud on creativity & the unconscious Defense mechanism - sublimation Conscious Desires of Id suppressed Unconscious Sublimation Creative Act Fantasy allows the creativity regression to playful thinking Primary Process – Relaxation Periods Secondary Process – Logical periods

28. Ernest Kris Fantastic, freely wandering thought processes tend to discharge libido and aggression. Creativity results when there is a shift from the preconscious to the conscious—an illuminating experience. Creativity is at the service of the ego which controls defense mechanisms.

29. Kris – Theory of Creativity Creativity involves the ability to regress to a childlike frame of mind. U C Pre Conscious Free- wandering thought processes Creative fantasies Importance of Playfulness!

30. Lawrence Kubie Creativity takes place between the conscious and the unconscious that is in the preconscious. Creativity is the new and unexpected connections, metaphorical relationships overlapping meanings, puns and allegories.

31. Kubie – Theory of Creativity U Continuum C Pre Repressed experience Can engage in free Play Connections Metaphors Creativity Symbolic Process May be accessed by drugs or hypnosis. Symbol Systems Language Anchored in Reality

32. Carl Jung Archetypes– Psychological type: draws from the realm of human experiences which raise the consciousness to greater levels of understanding Visionary type: the creative process consists in an unconscious animation of the archetype and in a development and shaping of this image till the work is completed.

33. Jung – Theory of Creativity Creativity happens through a person by communing with both types of unconscious thought. Personal PastCollective Past Unconscious Mind

34. Theories of Creativity 1. Threshold Theory 2. Psychoanalytic Theorists – Unconscious drive 3. Behaviorists – Reinforced behavior A. Skinner

35. Behavioral Principles of Creativity Combination of 2 experiences. S-R > Product of genetic and environmental history. (Skinner) > Increase behavior by rewarding it. (Maltzman) S-R unrelated > Mental Associations has a large number of verbal and non verbal associations to connect.

36. Humanistic Perspective Self actualization is an intrinsic drive The self actualized person approaches all aspects of life in a creative way Special talent creativity vs. Self actualized creativity Conditions for creativity.

37. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Aesthetic Safety Belonging Self - Esteem Self - Actualization Physical Needs

38. Characteristics of Self Actualized People SpontaneousExpressive NaturalLess Controlled Less Inhibited “Relatively un-frightened by the unknown, the mysterious and often positively attracted by it…selectively pick out things to puzzle over, to mediate on and to be absorbed in work.” Maslow, 1967 Peak experiences – lost in the present. Self actualized creativity vs. Special talent creativity. Deficient needs vs. Being needs vs. Aesthetic needs.

39. Theories of Creativity 1.Personality theorists 2.Threshold definition 3.Process 4.Situation 5.Modern

40. Theories of Creativity 1.Personality theorists 2.Threshold definition 3.Process 4.Situation 5.Modern

41. Theories of Creativity 1. Threshold Theory 2. Psychoanalytic Theorists – Unconscious drive 3. Behaviorists – Reinforced behavior 4. Cognitivists- A way of thinking 5. Humanists – a state of being A. Maslow B. Rogers

42. Theories of Creativity 1. Threshold Theory 2. Psychoanalytic Theorists – Unconscious drive 3. Behaviorists – Reinforced behavior 4. Cognitivists- A way of thinking 5. Humanists – a state of being 6. Contemporary Theorists- a systems and developmental approach A. AmabileSimonton B. GruberCsikszentmihalyi C. Gardner

43. Gruber Studied traits of creative individuals Task commitment Through working hard you transform yourself and what would be hard for others becomes easy for you. The greatest fun is the work. Creative people combine a zest for work with a capacity to play

44. Sense of purpose Strong, robust energetic A feeling of who they are and where they are going Risk taking Challenged by the unknown Courage can come at time depending on life’s circumstances

45. Network of Enterprises Multiple ongoing interests thread through the intellectual life of a creative individual. Complete and enduring sets of purposes Juggling projects

46. Bracketing Technique creative people use to handle problem that they can’t solve yet. Tolerance for ambiguity Sometimes intuitive ideas can’t be explained for lack of knowledge must make assumptions

47. Images of a wide scope Metaphor that holds the key to a creative breakthrough.

48. Creative people must use their skills to devise environments that foster their work They must invent new peer groups appropriate to their projects Being creative means striking out in new directions and making new friends Being creative means a willingness to be alone for awhile.

49. Simonton Studied creativity over the life span. Personality Circumstances of their training Properties of their most highly esteemed work.

50. Findings Maximal creativity 35-39 Tend to produce more bad than good Drop out of college Smart but not too brainy

51. Developmental or early influences: Higher incidence of parental loss First born Environment replete with intellectually and culturally stimulating materials Role models: essential tension

52. Formal education “It is in fact nothing short of a miracle that the modern methods of instruction have not yet entirely strangled the holy curiosity of inquiry for this delicate little plant aside from stimulation stands mostly in need of freedom; without this it goes to wreck and ruin without fail” (Einstein)

53. As educational level increases the probability of achieving eminence in a creative endeavor also increases up to a certain optimum and thereafter declines so that further formal training diminishes the odds of achieving the highest eminence.

54. Theories of Creativity 1. Threshold Theory 2. Psychoanalytic Theorists – Unconscious drive 3. Behaviorists – Reinforced behavior 4. Cognitivists- A way of thinking 5. Humanists – a state of being 6. Contemporary Theorists- a systems and developmental approach

55. Creativity Review There seems to be a continuum of creative abilities C………………….c There is a relationship between intelligence and creativity. This is called the threshold effect. Depending on the psychological paradigm, creativity is viewed as a subconscious drive, a conditioned response, a way of thinking, or a drive to fulfill potential.

56. A man must consider what a rich realm he abdicates when he becomes a conformist. Ralph Waldo Emerson

57. Traits of creative people

58. Creative folks : Have a strong sense of curiosity, Have a childlike sense of wonder and intrigue. Enjoy exploration & experimentation. Have a history of taking things apart to see how they work. Enjoy exploring attics, libraries, or museums.

59. Curious folks Often have a generally strong urge to understand the world about them. Their curiosity produces wide interests, unusual hobbies, and an experimenting nature. High curiosity is a classic creative trait.

60. Playful Attitude

61. Sense of Wonder

62. Sees Possibilities

63. Access to the imagination

64. Risk taking

65. ADHD Often fidgets with hands or feet or squirms in seat in adolescents may be limited to subjective feelings of restlessness Difficulty remaining seated when required to do so Is easily distracted by extraneous stimuli Has difficulty awaiting turn in game or group situation Often blurts out answers to questions before they have been completed Has difficulty following through o instructions from others (not due to oppositional behavior or failure of comprehension) failure to finish chores

66. ADHD Has difficulty sustaining attention on tasks or play activities Often shifts from one uncompleted activity to another Has difficulty playing quietly Often interrupts or intrudes on others Often does not seem to listen to what is being said Often loses things necessary for tasks or activities in school or at home Often engages in physically dangerous activities without considering possible consequences (not for purpose of thrill-seeking) e.g. runs into street without looking

67. Gifted and Creative Characteristics Overexcitabilities: psychomotor, sensual, imaginational,intellectual,social Risk taking Curiosity Argumentative, cynical Indifferent to common conventions and courtesies May not participate in class activities

68. Different domains, but the process is the same Being able to work in a place where you belong and are accepted– Hierarchy of needs. “If you leap you expect to land. NOT in the abyss. And therefore if you like, it is faith. Which is really the absence of fear.” “If you think of David and Michelangelo (the answer) was in the stone. But it had to be unveiled and revealed. You don’t invent the answer, you reveal the answer” “Both scientific inquiry and artistic discovery are based on the same creative process: discerning patterns, and making connections that have not been made before.” – A Sense of Where you Are “I’ve always felt that the artist comes before the scientist, that you must not stunt intuition with reason” I see wisdom as the capacity to make retrospective judgments prespectively. What is necessary to adaptation is openness, experimentation, inquiry- the freedom to go beyond, to test the limits. Renee, James, Emily, Don & Kari

69. Children’s Creativity Test

70. Blocks to Creativity Perceptual Intellectual Cultural Environmental Emotional

71. Cultural and Environmental Blocks Taboos Habits Overcome by negative support

72. Intellectual Blocks Limited language to conceptualize the problem Focus on verbal explanations for problem solutions.

73. MacKinnon’s research on biographical influences Parents have respect for child and confidence in her ability to do what is appropriate. Role models Clear standards of conduct leading to personal code of ethics Frequent moves Freedom to roam and explore.

74. Family has cultural, artistic, and intellectual interests. Family modeled introspection Early interests in drawing recognized but not pushed; rather it was nurtured. Lack of strong pressure by parents to choose a career.

75. When people are inspired by their own interests and enjoyment there is a better chance that they will explore unlikely paths, take risks, and in the end produce something unique and useful (Amabile, 1986). It is a very grave mistake to think that the enjoyment of seeing and searching can be promoted by coercion and a sense of duty (Einstein).

76. Factors affecting creative productivity Expected evaluation Surveillance Reward Competition Restricted choice– “how to approach the work” Extrinsic motivation