2. Feudal Powers in Japan

3. I. Geography of Japan Archipelago of 4,000 islands Advantages: Mild climate + rainfall + long growing season = FOOD! Disadvantages: 70% mountainous 12% is arable Little resources Typhoons & earthquakes Isolation?

4. II. Early Japan Religion helped unify Japan Religion helped unify Japan Kami = gods or nature spirits Kami = gods or nature spirits Each clan worshipped one Each clan worshipped one Shinto religion Shinto religion Prayers & rituals to satisfy the kami Prayers & rituals to satisfy the kami INDIGENOUS RELIGION! INDIGENOUS RELIGION!

5. III. The Yamato Emperors Yamato clan = one & only imperial fam. of Japan Yamato clan = one & only imperial fam. of Japan 400s CE = leading clan descended from the sun goddess 400s CE = leading clan descended from the sun goddess Early emps. = did not control much but Japanese accepted the idea of the emp. Early emps. = did not control much but Japanese accepted the idea of the emp. Rival clans fought to rule in the name of the emp. Rival clans fought to rule in the name of the emp. Emp. = figurehead only (puppet of ruling power) Emp. = figurehead only (puppet of ruling power)

6. IV. Japanese Culture 400s: Japan learned of Chinese culture 400s: Japan learned of Chinese culture

7. A. Buddhism in Japan 552: Buddhism in introduced to Japan 552: Buddhism in introduced to Japan Took a few years to adopt Took a few years to adopt Did not replace Shintoism Did not replace Shintoism Believed in both Believed in both NON-INDIGENOUS RELIGION! NON-INDIGENOUS RELIGION!

8. B. Chinese Influence Buddhism led to other imported ideas of China Buddhism led to other imported ideas of China Writing Writing Everyday living Everyday living Govt. Govt. Art Art Weights & measures Weights & measures Clothing Clothing

9. V. Life in the Heian Prd. 794: capital built at Heian (Kyoto) 794: capital built at Heian (Kyoto) 794-1185 = Heian Prd. (“peace & tranquility”) 794-1185 = Heian Prd. (“peace & tranquility”) Growth of large landed estates Growth of large landed estates Height of Chinese influences (arts & lit.) Height of Chinese influences (arts & lit.) Peak of Japanese imperial court (art, poetry, lit.) Peak of Japanese imperial court (art, poetry, lit.) Elaborate court life—highly refined—ETIQUETTE Elaborate court life—highly refined—ETIQUETTE Movement away from Chinese models in religion, arts, & govt. Movement away from Chinese models in religion, arts, & govt.

10. VI. Imperialism Erodes Imperial Authority Heian Prd. = strong central govt. Heian Prd. = strong central govt. Would be challenged by landowners & chiefs Would be challenged by landowners & chiefs

11. A. Decline of Central Power Heian Prd. = Fujiwara family held power Heian Prd. = Fujiwara family held power Landowners est. private armies in countryside Landowners est. private armies in countryside Countryside = lawless & dangerous Countryside = lawless & dangerous Preyed on farmers & travelers Preyed on farmers & travelers Acquired land for protection Acquired land for protection FEUDALISM IS BORN IN JAPAN! FEUDALISM IS BORN IN JAPAN! Feudal System = 2 powers Feudal System = 2 powers 1. central govt. = important family 1. central govt. = important family 2. local govt. = powerful landlords 2. local govt. = powerful landlords

12. B. Central Govt. Fujiwara = first to gain control over emp. Fujiwara = first to gain control over emp. Married into the emp’s. fam. Married into the emp’s. fam. Controlled cent. govt. from mid-800s to mid-1100s Controlled cent. govt. from mid-800s to mid-1100s Late 1100s: Taira & Minamoto clans fought Late 1100s: Taira & Minamoto clans fought Min. won Min. won 1192: Minamoto Yoritomo = SHOGUN (“general”) 1192: Minamoto Yoritomo = SHOGUN (“general”) Real power rested w/Shogun (chief of central govt.) Real power rested w/Shogun (chief of central govt.) finance, laws, courts, & appointments finance, laws, courts, & appointments Kyoto = emp’s. city Kyoto = emp’s. city Kamakura = shogun’s city Kamakura = shogun’s city

13. Minamoto Yoritomo Founded the Kamakura Shogunate: 1185-1333

14. C. Local Rule Shogun’s power did not extend to local level Shogun’s power did not extend to local level Daimyo = wealthy landlords Daimyo = wealthy landlords Samurai = professional soldiers hired by daimyo Samurai = professional soldiers hired by daimyo Skilled swordsman (katana) Skilled swordsman (katana) Followed the Bushido Code (“way of the warrior”) Followed the Bushido Code (“way of the warrior”) If defeated or dishonored = seppuku (wakizashi) If defeated or dishonored = seppuku (wakizashi)

15. Seppuku: Ritual Suicide Kaishaku – his “seconds” It is honorable to die in this way.

16. Full Samurai Attire

17. Samurai Sword

18. Modern-Day “Samurai Warriors”

19. Feudal Society The emperor reigned, but did not always rule!

20. FeudalismFeudalism Japan: A political, economic, and social system based on loyalty, the holding of land, and military service. Japan: Shogun Daimyo Samurai Peasant Land - Shoen Protection Loyalty Food

21. FeudalismFeudalism A political, economic, and social system based on loyalty, the holding of land, and military service. Europe: King Lord Knight Peasant Land - Fief Protection Loyalty Food

22. European knight Samurai Warrior vs. Medieval Warriors

23. Knight’s Armor Samurai Armor vs. Medieval Warriors

24. CASTLESCASTLES CASTLESCASTLES

25. Osaka Castle

26. Main Gate of Hiroshima Castle

27. Caernorfon Castle, Wales

28. Warwick Castle, England