1. Tang & Song Dynasties Yuan Dynasty Ming Dynasty
China
Tang & Song Dynasties
Yuan Dynasty
Ming Dynasty

2. Background Han Dynasty collapsed in A.D. 220
Fighting occurred for the next 300 years
Sui rulers reunified China
Short dynasty ( )
Built the Grand Canal that connected north and south China
Grand Canal Route
Grand Canal

3. Sui & Tang Dynasties

4. Golden Ages of China Tang & Song dynasties
Extended influence into new lands
Tried to end corruption
Restored civil service system for government positions
Applicants had to pass an exam based on Confucianism
Candidates for the civil service exam became the scholar-gentry class which replaced the old landed aristocracy as the political and economic elite of Chinese society

5. Inventions-Song & Tang Dynasties
Invention of printing in 700s w/wood blocks
Song printers created movable type
Gunpowder-first used in fireworks then in guns & cannons
Porcelain became important trade item
Steel invented 900 years before Europeans, used for swords and farm tools

6. Golden Ages of China Prosperity Limited power of the wealthy
Took land to give to peasants
Growing trade  more jobs for merchants & craftspeople
Population of cities grew

7. Tang Dynasty 618-907 Expanded the area of Chinese rule
China’s influence spread to Korea, Japan & SE Asia through trade
Fall of the Dynasty
Peasant unrest of high taxes
Emperor overthrown 907
Civil wars followed
960-a Song general declared himself emperor

8. Song Dynasty 960-1279 Rebels within empire
Mongols began invading in 1215

9. Song Dynasty

10. Yuan Dynasty 1279, Kublai Khan overthrew the Song Dynasty
Declared himself ruler of China
Called his dynasty Yuan
Allowed conquered Chinese bureaucrats to remain in place at the local level
Top level jobs were filled by Mongols
Chinese required to pay tribute to Mongol rulers
No Chinese could serve in the army

11. Yuan Dynasty

12. Kublai Khan Re-established law & order in China
Roads were built & revived trade along the Silk Road
Marco Polo spent 20 years in China during this period
China prospered
Was not satisfied with his empire
Sent troops to Japan & SE Asia
Only conquered Vietnam

13. Later Yuan Rulers Could not keep peace & order
Later emperors were corrupt
Peasants angry about high taxes for military campaigns
Fall of the Empire
In 1368 a monk led an army of peasants against the Mongols
Ming Hong Wu established himself emperor of China
Started the Ming Dynasty

14. Ming Dynasty Yong Le took over in 1398 Sent an army to retake Vietnam
Great Wall strengthened
Built the Imperial City
Emperor’s palace & government offices
Gardens, courtyards & waterways
To show off China’s wealth & power

15. Ming Dynasty

16. The Imperial City

17. Explorations by Zheng He
Seven trips to explore SE Asia, India & Arabian Peninsula
1st Voyage
28,000 sailors, merchants & soldiers
62 ships
Largest: 440 ft. long & 1500 tons
Voyages ended after Yong Le’s death

18. Why did voyages end? Possibly influence of Confucianism
Honored tradition & exploration brought new ideas
New ideas would upset tradition
Cost may have been too much
Ships limited to how far they could travel
Chinese decided their ways were best

19. Ming Dynasty Weakened Declined slowly Final blow
Peasant revolt that overthrew the government in 1644
The Manchus
Took the opportunity & conquered China
Founded the Qing Dynasty

20. Japan & Korea

21. Japan Archipelago (chain of many islands)
People settled in Japan in 3000 B.C.
By A.D. 1st & 2nd c., they were living in clans
Farmers & small number of wealthy aristocrats
A.D. 500 one clan, Yamato, gained power

22. Yamato Clan Leader became an emperor & high priest of Shinto
Claimed that the emperor descended from the goddess of the sun
Emperor worshipped as a god until 1945
Other clans still powerful
Yamato ruled only in name by 700s
Fujiwara family held real power

23. Fujiwara Clan Gained power in 2 ways
Filled government positions
Married into the Imperial family
Yamato & Fujiwara clans ignored what was going on in the provinces
Wealthy families resisted the government’s centralization
Weakened it however they could
Resulted in civil wars by the 1100s

24. Shogunate Rule 1192, Minamoto Yorimoto
Ended civil war through alliances & force
Kept emperor as figurehead
Took title of “shogun” or military commander
Real power lay with him
New gov’t structure called shogunate
Yorimoto’s shogunate was Kamakura
Lasted about 140 years
Ended after Mongol invasion in 1281
In 1333, it was toppled by the Ashikaga

25. Shogunate Rule
Under the first 2 shogunates, Japan adopted feudalism (system in which nobles offer protection & land in return for service)
Connection between shogun & daimyo
Daimyos owed the shogun loyalty & service in exchange for land
Below daimyos, were their vassals & samurai
Soldiers who fought for any daimyo were called ronin
Then peasants, farmers & craftworkers
At the bottom, merchants (why?)

26. Comparison of European & Japanese Feudalism

27. Warrior Classes-Knights & Samurai
Similarities:
Emphasized loyalty, bravery, and honor
Lord-vassal relationship
Family lineage important

28. Differences:
Lord-vassal relationship based on moral code in Japan and legal code in Europe
Japanese women were encouraged to be tough while the chivalry in Europe put women on a pedestal as fragile, inferior

29. Japanese Feudal System

30. Civil War Mid-1400s, civil war broke out between rival daimyos
Ashikaga Shogunate lost control
In 1603, Tokugawa Ieyasu declared himself shogun & founded Tokugawa Shogunate
Limited power of daimyo
Used a hostage system to achieve their goal
Forced the daimyo & their families to live at a royal court in Edo or modern-day Tokyo

31. Japan’s Changing Economy
In 1600s, manufacturing & trade became more important
Opening of trade with Europeans
Time of peace
People could concentrate on making money
Little warfare for samurai
They became government officials & security guards
Peasant farmers continued to suffer
Almost 7,000 peasant revolts in 265 years

32. Korea Strongly influenced by Chinese ideas
Han took control in 109 B.C.
Ruled by China until 220
Silla Dynasty ruled from
s, ruled over by Mongols
Korea under Chinese authority
Peace
Gained from Chinese culture
Adapted Chinese culture to fit their own