1. Brazilian Independence…..And Empire Baker Bean Bless Blum

2. Achieving Independence By the end of the 18 th century Brazil had grown in population and economic exports European demand for products : Sugar Cotton Cocoa

3. Slaves Take Over? Planters, merchants, and miners longed for more open trade and fewer taxes They feared they may upset the political system It could have lead to a social revolution or a slave uprising However, their attempts at this were unsuccessful

4. Brazil=Portugal In 1807 French troops invaded PortugalIn 1807 French troops invaded Portugal The entire Portuguese royal family and court fled from the country and sailed to Brazil under the protection of British shipsThe entire Portuguese royal family and court fled from the country and sailed to Brazil under the protection of British ships New court established at Rio de JaneiroNew court established at Rio de Janeiro Became the capital of the Portuguese empireBecame the capital of the Portuguese empire

5. Dom Pedro II Son of Dom Pedro I who was forced to abdicate his throne in 1831 in favor of Dom Pedro II When he came into power he was too young to rule so a series of regents directed the country in his name Proved to be an enlighted man of middle-class habits who was anxious to reign over a tranquil and progressive nation His nation was based upon slave labor

6. COFFEE!!! Coffee provided a new basis for agricultural expansion in southern Brazil By 1840, coffee made up more than 40% of Brazils exports By 1880, coffee made up more than 60% of their exports Along with the expansion of coffee growing came an intensification of slavery

7. Slavery It was Brazil’s primary form of laborIt was Brazil’s primary form of labor More than 1.4 million Africans were imported to Brazil in the last 50 years of the tradeMore than 1.4 million Africans were imported to Brazil in the last 50 years of the trade Even after the trans-Atlantic slave trade ended, slavery continuedEven after the trans-Atlantic slave trade ended, slavery continued At mid-century, about ¼ of Brazil’s population was still enslavedAt mid-century, about ¼ of Brazil’s population was still enslaved Brazil finally abolished slavery in 1888Brazil finally abolished slavery in 1888

8. Urbanization Railroads, steamships, and the telegraph began to change communication and transportation Foreign companies invested in banking and these new forms of communication and transportation Less land-holding and slavery occurred

9. Peasant Revolt The change to a republic economic hardship and the secularization of society provoked peasant unrest The peasants were unhappy in rural areas They were lead by Antonio Conselheiro, a religious mystic The government feared this peasant army and sent 4 military expeditions against them The fighting was bloody, and the casualties were in the thousands