1. Feudal
Japan

2. Japan’s Early Historic Period: The Imperial Court (A.D. 400-783)
Uji clans united by Shinto
“The way of the Gods”
Kami
Amaterasu “Sun Goddess”

3. Japan’s Early Historic Period: The Imperial Court (A.D. 400-783)
Ninigi
Jimmu Tenno
Yamato Plain
Divine Power
Jewel
Bronze mirror
Iron sword

4. Japan’s Early Historic Period: The Imperial Court (A.D. 400-783)
Characteristics:
emperor respected for religious power not political power
Various uji fought to be the emperor’s chancellors
Soga

5. Chinese Influences on the Japanese Court
405 Korean Scholar, Wani teaches emperor to read and write Chinese
Nippon “Land of the Rising Sun” translates to “jihpen” or Japan
Kana

6. Chinese Influences on the Japanese Court
Chinese Poetry, Chinese art
Curved tile roofs
Shotoku ( ) adopted Chinese rank, Confucian calendar and Confucian ideals – not bureacracy!

7. Chinese Influences on the Japanese Court
Buddhism 522
Popular among the upper classes
Late 600s – 545 Buddhist monastaries and 1000s of monks

8. Taika Reforms (A.D. 646) introduced by Japanese emperor Tenchi
Designed to make Japan’s government like Chinese Tang
Land reforms placed all rice-producing lands in hands of emperor

9. Taika Reforms (A.D. 646)
Emperor supposed to be political and religious supreme
Reality – regional leaders retained land (tax collectors) and power in hands of chancellor

10. Capital of Nara est. 710 Pop 200,000 Chinese culture flourished
Buddhism prominent
794 capital est. in Heian-kyo

11. Refined Court Life during Heian Period (794-1185)
Tale of Genji Scroll (first novel)

12. Tale of Genji (first novel)

13. Lady Murasaki Shikibu
She contributed much to the Japanese script known as kana, while men wrote with Chinese characters, kanji.

14. Refined Court Life during Heian Period (794-1185)
Fujiwara Family – Kamatari
858 Fujiwara elevated to sessho
884 Fujiwara elevated to chancellor
Married daughters to crown princes

15. Refined Court Life during Heian Period (794-1185)
1027 Fujiwaras contained many powerful positions
Michinaga
Shoen
Government has almost no land

16. Refined Court Life during Heian Period (794-1185)
Emperor ceremonial
Ichijo 1022 – “ostentatious court life”

17. Refined Court Life during Heian Period (794-1185)
Miyabi
elegant appearance
restrained behavior
decorum
Leisure time devoted to pursuing pastimes – Go – influenced by Chinese

18. Refined Court Life during Heian Period (794-1185)
Idea of beauty and personal appearance

19. Refined Court Life during Heian Period (794-1185)
Pastimes Go
Football
Landscape painting
Shinto ceremonies

20. Refined Court Life during Heian Period (794-1185)
Sei Shonogan “Pillow Book”
1014 Murasaki Shikibu “Tale of Genji”

21. Refined Court Life during Heian Period (794-1185)
The Rise of the Provincial Nobles
Rugged, independent, led private armies
More powerful as court nobles isolated themselves
Constantly fighting over control of the provinces

22. The Rise of Feudalism 1185 Battle for government control
1159 Kiyomori Taira executed Yoshitomo Minamoto
Kiyomori -dictator

23. Founded the Kamakura Shogunate: 1185-1333
The Rise of Feudalism 1185
Yoritomo Minamoto drove Taira from power 1180
Sea Battle Dannoura
Yoritomo embraced – headquarters in Kamakura
Founded the Kamakura Shogunate:

24. Warrior Class: Samurai
“one who serves”
Bushido Code
Fidelity
Politeness
Virility
Simplicity
Full Samurai Attire

25. Samurai Sword

26. Early Mounted Samurai Warriors

27. Samurai Charging

28. Modern-Day “Samurai Warriors”

29. Underpinnings: Basic Steps in Self Defense
A COTTON BREECH CLOUT that extended up over the chest was the basic undergarment of a samurai’s costume
A SHORT SLEEVED KIMONO, or “armor robe,” was tied snugly at the waist with a special knot (lower right)

30. BILLOWING PANTALOONS,worn over the armor robe, fitted loosely in the legs to allow freedom of movement
AN EXQUISITE BROCADE, richly worked with a design of peonies, was one of the extravagant materials used in an armor robe that may have been made for a 14th Century imperial prince
STURDY SHINGUARDS of cloth or leather were reinforced with strips of iron to give protection from the front

31. Kamakura Period ( )
Bakufu
Seitaishogun (Shogun)

32. The emperor reigned, but did not always rule!
Feudal Society

33. Feudalism
A political, economic, and social system based on loyalty, the holding of land, and military service Japan:
Shogun
Land - Shoen
Loyalty
Land - Shoen
Daimyo
Daimyo
Loyalty
Samurai
Samurai
Samurai
Food
Protection
Peasant
Peasant
Peasant
Peasant

34. Feudalism
A political, economic, and social system based on loyalty, the holding of land, and military service Europe:
King
Land - Fief
Loyalty
Land - Fief
Lord
Lord
Loyalty
Knight
Knight
Knight
Food
Protection
Peasant
Peasant
Peasant
Peasant

35. Code of Chivalry Code of Bushido
Justice
Loyalty
Defense
Courage
Faith
Humility
Nobility
Fidelity
Politeness
Virility
Simplicity

36. Medieval Warriors
vs.
European knight
Samurai Warrior

37. Medieval Warriors
vs.
Knight’s Armor
Samurai Armor

38. Buddhism Pure Land Sect – commoners Lotus Sect – Nichiren (1222-1282)
Zen Buddhism – based on meditation

39. 450 ships and 15,000 men, but typhoon winds stopped them.
Mongol “Invasions” of Japan
Kublai Khan 1264 Great Khan of Mongols
450 ships and 15,000 men, but typhoon winds stopped them.

40. Mongol Invasions
Kamakura Bakufu massive mobilization, religious ceremonies in preparation of another attack
,000 Mongols
Kamikaze winds!

41. Mongol Invasions Kamakura Bakufu in debt Samurai dissatisfied
Samurai funded by merchants; forced to sell lands
Peasants form the ikki uprisings led by samurai
Civil War leads to defeat of Kamakura in 1333

42. Ashikaga Age:
Godaigo proclaims himself supreme ruler - unsuccessful
Ashikaga Takauji attacked 1335
Puppet emperor
Godaigo est. southern court
Japan’s disunity increases

43. Ashikaga Age: 1338-1573 Shoguns fought for power.
Less efficient than the Kamakura.
Yoshimitsu ( ) Alliance unsuccessful
Leads to 100 yrs of civil strife

44. Ashikaga Age: 1338-1573 Onin War (1467-1477)
Sengoku Jidai “Age of the Warring States”
Battle over succession
Capital destroyed
Marker at location of outbreak of Ōnin War

45. Ashikaga Age:
New order based on military not honor or ancestry
Ge koku jo “those below subjugating those above”
Daimyo referred to person actually ruling the land
Traditional families
Military leaders
Lowly samurai

46. Reunification 1573-1603 Ritual Suicide Oda Nobunaga (1534-1582)
1560 destroyed Imagawa clan
1568 used firearms to defeat Matsunaga clan
Despised Buddhists
1582 betrayed
Committed seppukku
Ritual Suicide
It is honorable to die in this way.

47. Reunification 1573-1603 Toyotomi Hideyoshi (1536-1598)
Named chief general
Defeated traitor
diplomatic
1590 brought all 66 daimyo’s into a feudal agreement

48. C A S T L E S

49. Osaka Castle

50. Main Gate of Hiroshima Castle

51. Caernorfon Castle, Wales

52. Warwick Castle, England

53. R O E N S

54. The Age of the Warring States: (1467 - 1568)
Castles built on hills in different provinces.
Power shifts from above to below.
Europeans arrive in Japan  bringing firearms & Christianity.
Christianity & foreign trade flourish.

55. Oda Nobunaga (1534-1582) Banishes the last Ashikaga shogun.
Unifies a large part of Japan.

56. Catholic Jesuits in Japan
St. Francis Xavier [First Catholic Missionaries in Asia]

57. Toyotomi Hideyoshi (1536-1598)
Becomes suspicious of European territorial ambitions.
Orders all European missionaries expelled from Japan. 
Tries to invade Korea, but fails.

58. First Christian Martyrs (1597): Shrine in Nagasaki Today

59. Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543-1616) Appointed shogun by the Emperor.
Four-class system laid down with marriage restricted to members of the same class! 
Warriors.
Farmers.
Artisans.
Merchants.

60. Tokugawa Shogunate Period
Japan closed off to all trade [except to the Dutch and Chinese]. 
The Dutch were restricted to a small island in Nagasaki harbor.
Japanese Christians persecuted and Christianity is forbidden.
The government is centralized with all power in the hands of the shogun.
Domestic trade flourishes.
Towns, esp. castle towns, increase.
Merchant class becomes rich! 
New art forms  haiku poetry, kabuki theater.