1. Medieval Europe

2. Medieval Worlds I. Charlemagne and the Carolingian Dynasty A.Territorial Expansion B.Reforms C.Relationship with Church and Papacy D.The Legacy of his Empire II. Feudalism A.Definitions B.Vassalage C.Serfdom D.Commercial Expansion

3. Europe in the sixth century, ca. 565

4. Growth of Islam by Eighth Century Martel turns back Muslims at Poitiers by 732

5. Charlemagne Charlemagne, King of the Franks (768–814) Territorial expansion Alcuin and educational reforms The missi dominici Crowning of Roman Emperor by Pope Leo III, Christmas 800 Carolingian Dynasty (751 – 987)

6. Coronation of Charlemagne by Pope Leo III, 800

8. Life after Charlemagne Louis the Pious (r. 814-840) m. Ermengard Lothar (b. 817-855) Pepin (d. 838) Louis the German (d.876) Louis the Pious m. Judith of Bavaria Charles the Bald (d. 877 ) Louis the Pious’s Hopes of Empire & the Problems of Salic Law

9. Partition of Carolignian Empire Pepin d. 838 Treaty of Verdun 843 Lothar – Lotharingia Charles – West Francia Louis – East Francia Lothar retains imperial title Fragmentation of Empire & Enhancement of Papacy

10. Late 9 th to 10 th centuries Invasion from all sides: Northmen, Magyars, and Moors

11. 10 th Century German Castle along the Rhine River 10 th century invaders: Vikings, Muslims, and Magyars

12. III. Feudalism A.Definitions B.Vassalage C.Serfdom D.Commercial Expansion

13. Vassal and Lord Feudalism: Europe between the 9 th and 12 th centuries What’s in a Word? Feodum: fief feudalism Vertical hierarchies Lord and serf King and subject Horizontal hierarchies Orders of knights Peasant communities Guilds

14. Feudalism Vassals, lords, and counts Contractual Relations Act of Homage and Oaths of fealty Reward of benefices & fiefs Obligations of Service Military & Aids

15. 1)act of homage “I promise to be your man” 2) Promise of fealty Fidelity, trust and service with His hand on relics or a bible 3) Sealed by a Kiss **voluntary contract Vassalage

17. Manorialism Manorialism refers to a system whereby the land (or manor) was owned by the lord and was parceled out to individual peasants who farmed it. In return for the land, peasants made payments to the lord in the form of money, crops, and services. Manorialism established a social and political order that paralleled hierarchies of feudalism.

18. Peasants and Serfdom A System of Obligations between Lord and Peasant Most free in Carolingian Period Hereditary System by 10 th century

19. A German Medieval village Feudalism The manorThe manor Agricultural improvementsAgricultural improvements Moldboard plowMoldboard plow Horse collarHorse collar 3 field system3 field system

20. Peace, Stability, & Economic Revival by 11 th c The Peace of God (by 1050) “No man in the counties or bishoprics shall seize a horse, colt, ox, cow, ass, or the burdens which it carries… No one shall seize a peasant man or woman” (990) Punishment: excommunication from entire community Result– Limit violence The Truce of God (by 1050) No fighting between warriors at certain times Sunday(Lord’s Day), Saturday (Holy Saturday) Thursday (Holy Thursday), Friday (Good Friday)

21. Commercial Networks