1. The Protestant Reformation

2. Causes 1.Church is interested in $ - 2.Popes acting as political leaders – 3.Priestly misconduct – 4.Northern Humanists -

3. Martin Luther 1483-1546 German monk who criticized the Catholic Church for losing sight of it’s spiritual mission 95 Theses Challenged indulgences Salvation through the grace of God

4. Break with the Church Bible as the sole authority Simple interpretation of the bible Ceremony could not make up for sin 1521 Pope Leo X declared Luther a heretic and excommunicated him from the Catholic Church Diet of Worms – Luther refused to recant; no scriptural basis

5. The Spread of the Printing Press

6. The Peasant Revolt - 1525 In reaction to Luther’s ideas and societal demands. Lead by Thomas Müntzer (the professor)

7. Spread of Protestantism Effects of the Printing Press Luther’s reaction to the Peasant Revolt German Princes at Augsburg 1531 Schmalkaldic League (1531) & War 1546-55 Peace at Augsburg 1555 – German rulers can choose religion

8. The Holy Roman Empire in the 16 c “Why the Germanies?” The Holy Roman Empire in the 16 c “Why the Germanies?”

9. The Spread of Lutheranism

10. The Anabaptists Dutch persecution of Anabaptists

11. The Radical Reformation Anabaptist Religious beliefs Complete separation of Church and State Munster, Germany – John Leiden Menno Simons

12. England’s Reformation

13. Political not religious King Henry & Catherine of Aragon Pope Clement VI dependent upon H.R.E. Anne Boleyn Cardinal Wolsey – Thomas Cranmer & Thomas Cromwell Creation of the Anglican Church

14. King Henry’s Successors

15. Calvin’s World in the 16 c

16. Calvinism Takes over after the death of Huldrych Zwingli – Genevea, Switzerland The Institute of Christian Religion Major Beliefs – Omniscient – all knowing – Predestination – the Elect The Consistory

17. Protestant Churches in France (Late 16 c )

18. The Huguenots Nobility conversion in France Threat to National Unity 1562 Bloody Civil War 1572 St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre 1598 Edict of Nantes – King Henry IV (France)

19. St Bartholomew’s Massacre

20. Reformation Europe (Late 16 c )