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Europe’s Population YearPopulation 100038 million 110048 million 120059 million 130070 million 134775 million 135250 million Source: www.byu.edu/ipt/projects/middleages/LifeTimes/Plague.html www.byu.edu/ipt/projects/middleages/LifeTimes/Plague.html During the Late Middle Ages
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http://www.davidmiles.net The Four Horsemen Revelation 6
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The 14 th Century All of the following were occurring during the fourteenth century: Famine Black Death Hundred Years’ War Peasant Revolts
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Great Famine (1315-1322) “Little Ice Age” Food Shortage – Speculators Excommunicaton – Price Controls Unsuccessful
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Bubonic/Pneumonic Plague (a.k.a. “Black Death”) c. 1340s 40% of population dead? A “Beak Doctor” AP Photo/Eduardo Verdugo
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Bubonic Plague The Aftermath A “golden age” for workers? – Supply and Demand – Labor Shortage
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Hundred Years’ War 1337-1453 (on and off) England vs. France New Weapons – Pike – English Longbow – Battle of Crecy Battle of Crecy The “End of Chivalry” – Battle of Agincourt Battle of Agincourt The “Two Finger Salute” Decline of Feudalism
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“War is Hell.” -- William T. Sherman, 1879
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Chivalry The Warrior Code of the Middle Ages Rich man’s war… Rich man’s fight!
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Sir Bors’ Dilemma
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Battle of Crécy (1346) The “End of Chivalry” Edward III King of England Outnumbered 3-1? PRIMARY SOURCE: Froissart’s Chronicles [Excerpt]Froissart’s Chronicles
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Battle of Agincourt (1415) Henry V King of England Outnumbered 3-1?
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Battle of Agincourt (1415) “Once more unto the breach, dear friends, once more; Or close the wall up with our English dead. In peace there's nothing so becomes a man As modest stillness and humility: But when the blast of war blows in our ears, Then imitate the action of the tiger; Stiffen the sinews, summon up the blood, Disguise fair nature with hard-favour'd rage” -- Shakespeare, Henry V (Act III, Scene I) Henry V King of England Outnumbered 3-1?
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KEY: English French English Allies
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Joan of Arc 1412-1431 French Peasant / Mystic National Hero TURNING POINT – Of Hundred Years’ War Heretic and Saint
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Change Over Time … Joan interrogated in her prison cell by Cardinal Winchester. By Hippolyte Delaroche, 1824, Musée des Beaux- Arts, Rouen, France. Hippolyte DelarocheMusée des Beaux- Arts Joan of Arc became a popular figure in art in the 19 th century – for more paintings, see Joan’s Wikipedia page.Wikipedia
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Nationalism
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English Peasants’ Revolt (1381) PRIMARY SOURCE: Froissart’s Chronicles [Excerpt]Froissart’s Chronicles
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English Peasants’ Revolt (1381) Wat Tyler – Leader – Murdered by London Mayor Unsuccessful, BUT – Decline of serfdom in England Wat Tyler or St. Paul?
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