1. Charles Darwin (1809-1882) Grew Up In Revolutionary Times…

2. All Western civilization was breaking with “classical”, rigid thinking… All Western civilization was breaking with “classical”, rigid thinking… Interest in mythology (rather just dogma) Interest in mythology (rather just dogma) Interest in the experience of common people (rather than just royalty) Interest in the experience of common people (rather than just royalty) The new era of “romanticism”, was sweeping the West: The new era of “romanticism”, was sweeping the West: Interest in all things natural… Interest in all things natural…

3. In Literature: Late 1700’s Late 1700’s William Blake: “Songs of Innocence” William Blake: “Songs of Innocence” Robert Burns: “To a Mouse” Robert Burns: “To a Mouse” Robert Burns: “Auld Lang Syne” Robert Burns: “Auld Lang Syne”

4. In Literature: Early 1800’s (in England): Early 1800’s (in England): Wordsworth & Coleridge (lyrical ballads) Wordsworth & Coleridge (lyrical ballads) Shelley “Ode to the West Wind” Shelley “Ode to the West Wind” Keats“Ode to a Nightingale” Keats“Ode to a Nightingale”

5. In Literature: 1800’s (in America): 1800’s (in America): Washington Irving: “Rip van Winkle” / “Legend of Sleepy Hollow” Washington Irving: “Rip van Winkle” / “Legend of Sleepy Hollow” James Fenimore Cooper: “Last of the Mohicans” James Fenimore Cooper: “Last of the Mohicans” Herman Melville: “Moby Dick” Herman Melville: “Moby Dick”

6. In Literature: 1800’s (in America): 1800’s (in America): Ralph Waldo Emerson: transcendentalism – emphasized the power and the force of the individual, and the essential unity of nature. Ralph Waldo Emerson: transcendentalism – emphasized the power and the force of the individual, and the essential unity of nature. Henry David Thoreau: civil disobedience – following the laws of nature, not of man. Henry David Thoreau: civil disobedience – following the laws of nature, not of man.

7. In Music: http--w3.rz-berlin.mpg.de-cmp-beethoven_sym5_1.wav

8. In Art: Romanticism Romanticism Romanticism Looking at nature on it’s own terms Looking at nature on it’s own terms Looking at ordinary people and involvement with everyday life Looking at ordinary people and involvement with everyday life Art involved social commentary… Art involved social commentary…

9. Ver Meer: Vermeer: Vermeer: “Woman Pouring Milk” (~ 1660) - “art” could be light illuminating common people and things…

10. Vermeer: Vermeer: “Young Woman with a Water Jug” “Young Woman with a Water Jug”(~1664)

11. Vermeer: Vermeer: “Girl with a Pearl Earring” (~1665)

12. F. Goya: “The Third of May 1808” (1814 ) “… a revolutionary advance in the whole conception of the range and purpose of painting. For the first time war was depicted as futile and inglorious and for the first time there were no heroes only killers and the killed. ” http://www.imageone.com/goya/

13. Impressionism: “art” was looking at light itself

14. In Science: Mathematical analysis uncovers the laws of nature governing the “physical” sciences: Mathematical analysis uncovers the laws of nature governing the “physical” sciences: Physics Physics Astronomy Astronomy Chemistry… Chemistry…

15. In Science: But what of the “natural” sciences? But what of the “natural” sciences? Medicine Medicine Agriculture Agriculture “Natural Theology” (aka Biology)… “Natural Theology” (aka Biology)…