1. Yesterday we took notes over the New England Colonies: Massachusetts Rhode Island New Hampshire Connecticut

2. Maps and Charts 2

3. Why do you think ship building was the first industry in New England?

4. The next group of colonies to discover: The Middle Colonies— also known as the Mid- Atlantic Colonies

7. The Middle Colonies: New York New Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware

8. Maps and Charts 3

9. Two types of English Colonies By the 1660’s England had two groups of colonies in different regions of America. By the 1660’s England had two groups of colonies in different regions of America. New England colonies which were run by private groups under a royal charter…(Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, and New Hampshire) New England colonies which were run by private groups under a royal charter…(Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, and New Hampshire) Royal colonies which were run directly by England (Maryland and Virginia) Royal colonies which were run directly by England (Maryland and Virginia) England also wanted to gain control of a Dutch- controlled land in between those two groups, so England could have access to its harbor and river trade. England also wanted to gain control of a Dutch- controlled land in between those two groups, so England could have access to its harbor and river trade.

10. New York That area was called New Netherland. Its main settlement was New Amsterdam on Manhattan Island. That area was called New Netherland. Its main settlement was New Amsterdam on Manhattan Island. The settlement was a center for shipping to and from the Americas. The settlement was a center for shipping to and from the Americas. In 1664, the English sent a fleet to attack New Amsterdam. The governor there was unprepared and surrendered the colony. In 1664, the English sent a fleet to attack New Amsterdam. The governor there was unprepared and surrendered the colony. The Duke of York gained control of the colony and named it New York. He promised the settlers religious freedom and let them keep their land. The Duke of York gained control of the colony and named it New York. He promised the settlers religious freedom and let them keep their land. New York City (used to be New Amsterdam) grew to have over 8,000 by 1664. New York City (used to be New Amsterdam) grew to have over 8,000 by 1664. Became a center for shipping because it had a good harbor (New York Harbor) Became a center for shipping because it had a good harbor (New York Harbor)

11. New York City NEW YORK

12. Notice that all these pictures include LONG ISLAND as part of NEW YORK: Color it as such

13. Maps and Charts 3

15. The southern part of New York between the Hudson and Delaware Rivers became New Jersey. Its settlers were very diverse in ethnicity and religion, like New York. It was also established in 1664. It also offered religious freedom. By 1702, New Jersey had become a royal colony, but continued to make local laws.

16. This is New Jersey

17. Maps and Charts 3

18. Pennsylvania William Penn received a large tract of land in America from the king as a repayment of a debt. This land became Pennsylvania (meaning Penn’s Woods). William Penn received a large tract of land in America from the king as a repayment of a debt. This land became Pennsylvania (meaning Penn’s Woods). Penn was a Quaker and saw this colony as a chance to put Quaker values of tolerance and equality into practice. The Quakers and all others could worship freely in Pennsylvania. Penn was a Quaker and saw this colony as a chance to put Quaker values of tolerance and equality into practice. The Quakers and all others could worship freely in Pennsylvania. He founded the colony in 1682. He founded the colony in 1682. In 1701, he gave colonists the right to make a legislative assembly which would make local laws. In 1701, he gave colonists the right to make a legislative assembly which would make local laws. Before, it was a PROPRIETARY COLONY, where one man owned all the land and made all the laws. (New York) Before, it was a PROPRIETARY COLONY, where one man owned all the land and made all the laws. (New York)

19. Philadelphia PENNSYLVANIA

20. Maps and Charts 3

21. Who were the Quakers? William Penn belonged to a Protestant group of dissenters called the Society of Friends, or Quakers. They believed that every individual had an “inner light” that could guide him or her to salvation. Each person could experience religious truth directly and everyone was equal in God’s sight.

22. Quakers were tolerant of others’ religious beliefs. They had good relations with the Native Americans. Quakers were also pacifists, which meant that they refused to use force or fight in wars.

24. Another famous and very important citizen of Pennsylvania is the one and only: Benjamin Franklin

26. Delaware The southernmost part of Pennsylvania was known as the Three Lower Counties. Eventually, these became a separate colony— Delaware. The southernmost part of Pennsylvania was known as the Three Lower Counties. Eventually, these became a separate colony— Delaware. The Charter of Liberties, which had let colonists elect representatives, also allowed these lower counties to make their own legislature. The Charter of Liberties, which had let colonists elect representatives, also allowed these lower counties to make their own legislature. When they did in 1704, they functioned as a separate colony. When they did in 1704, they functioned as a separate colony.

27. Delaware--established in 1704 by William Penn.

28. DELAWARE

29. Philadelphia PENNSYLVANIA

30. New York City NEW YORK

31. This is New Jersey

32. Economic Characteristics of the Middle Colonies Home-based crafts (carpentry and flour making) Home-based crafts (carpentry and flour making) Timber Timber Mining Mining Small-scale manufacturing (iron mills) Small-scale manufacturing (iron mills) Shipping and Trade (New York) Shipping and Trade (New York) Ship building Ship building Agriculture (large farms) Agriculture (large farms)

33. Geographic Characteristics of the Middle Colonies Some good harbors and natural ports (New York Harbor) Some good harbors and natural ports (New York Harbor) Wide, deep rivers Wide, deep rivers Milder winters Milder winters Raw materials (for timber, mining, etc.) Raw materials (for timber, mining, etc.) Rich soil Rich soil Atlantic Ocean coastline Atlantic Ocean coastline

34. Social and Political Characteristics of Middle Colonies Social Social Small coastal towns Small coastal towns More diverse population More diverse population Big Cities Big Cities New York City New York City Philadelphia Philadelphia Political Political More tolerance More tolerance Proprietary colonies (Pennsylvania and New York) Proprietary colonies (Pennsylvania and New York) Representative government Representative government

35. Southern Colonies Virginia Maryland North Carolina South Carolina Georgia

37. VIRGINIA Established in 1607 Jamestown was the first settlement Founded by the Virginia Company Virginia House of Burgesses was the first representative assembly in America. Tobacco was the major crop.

39. Maryland Established in 1634 Founded by Lord Baltimore. Maryland was a proprietary colony. It was a haven (safe place) for Catholics. Not wanting to depend on just one cash crop, they grew wheat, fruit, vegetables, and livestock. Plantations became powerful, and the number of slaves grew. Baltimore was the largest city. Because the boundary between Pennsylvania and Maryland was disputed, they hired two surveyors(Mason and Dixon) to resolve the dispute. The boundary was called the Mason/Dixon Line. The Act of Toleration was passed in 1649, giving both Catholics and Protestants the right to worship freely.

42. The Carolinas King Charles II founded the colony of Carolina. King Charles II founded the colony of Carolina. The English philosopher John Locke wrote their constitution. The English philosopher John Locke wrote their constitution. Northern Carolina was settled by small farmers. They did not have a good harbor and relied on Virginia’s ports. Northern Carolina was settled by small farmers. They did not have a good harbor and relied on Virginia’s ports. Southern Carolina had better farmland and a harbor city, Charleston, and was more prosperous. Southern Carolina had better farmland and a harbor city, Charleston, and was more prosperous. Many of the settlers of Southern Carolina were from the English colony of Barbados in the West Indies. They brought with them many slaves to work in their rice fields. Many of the settlers of Southern Carolina were from the English colony of Barbados in the West Indies. They brought with them many slaves to work in their rice fields. Due to the conflict between wealthy southern farmers and smaller northern farmers, the colony split into two in 1729. Due to the conflict between wealthy southern farmers and smaller northern farmers, the colony split into two in 1729.

43. The Carolinas North Carolina grew much tobacco

45. South Carolina soil was good for growing rice and indigo Indigo will be known as BLUE GOLD—can you guess why?

46. Indigo plant Raw Indigo and cloth made with its dye

48. Georgia Founded in 1733 Founded by James Oglethorpe Was the last of the original colonies to be created Haven for debtors and the poor Provided a military barrier between Spanish Florida and South Carolina

50. Economic, Political, and Social Characteristics of Southern Colonies Economic Economic Large plantations Large plantations Agriculture—tobacco, rice, indigo, etc. Agriculture—tobacco, rice, indigo, etc. Political Political More slaves More slaves More class-based society More class-based society Social Social Small coastal towns Small coastal towns Plantations (almost self-sufficient) Plantations (almost self-sufficient) Charleston and Savannah were larger cities. Charleston and Savannah were larger cities.

51. Geographic Characteristics of the Southern Colonies Appalachian mountains Appalachian mountains Broad, deep rivers Broad, deep rivers Richer soil Richer soil Warm climate Warm climate Raw materials Raw materials

52. Religious Characteristics of the Southern Colonies Church of England Church of England Catholics (Maryland) Catholics (Maryland) More diverse More diverse

53. New France: During this same period France was establishing New Orleans (est. 1718) at the mouth of the Mississippi River Spain settled on the Pacific Coast (California) and built missions there