1. 1859 - 1889

2. I can use a timeline to track the events that lead to Washington’s achievement of statehood.

3. Population in Washington is 1,201

4. Washington becomes a territory.

5. End of the Spokane Wars. The land is now prepared for more settlers.

6. By 1853 America had acquired all lands in the continental U.S. The U.S. government knew they would have trouble keeping of defending the land. They needed to encourage people to move West fast. Whites felt safer moving west after the Indian removals.

7. Population in Washington is 11,594

10. The Oregon Trail was used by all of the new pioneers coming west. This trail became more efficient for three reasons: 1. Routes became more defined and smoother. 2. Wagons are better. 3. It is not just one main trail. The trail has many short cuts so travelers can get to their exact destination faster. Page 231

11. Anyone in the West could obtain 160 acres if they lived and developed the land for five years. OR after six months they could pat $1.25 an acre for the land. 400,000 – 600,000 European and American families moved west because of the Homestead Act.

13. Most of the pioneers were whites from the Eastern U.S. The largest minority group represented were African Americans: Slavery was legal in the South and some came seeking freedom. Some African Americans were free already. African Americans could not own land. Less than 100. Oregon State banned African American from living there.

14. Based on what you know about the geography of Washington State where do you think most pioneers settled? And Why?

16. Everett Seattle Tacoma Spokan e Vancouver, Yakama, and Walla Walla

17. Between the 1870s and 1880s Industrialization replaced the craftsmen with factories. More products are produced at higher speeds. Factories required more resources and labor. People immigrated to the U.S. to meet the factories’ needs.

19. The railroads were one of the greatest products of and propellers of the Industrial Revolution. Allowed for efficient (fast and cheep) transport of people and goods. Economic and Population growth.

20. 1 st Transcontinental Railroad is built

21. Population in Washington is 23,955

23. The Chinese were one of the fastest growing minority populations, coming from the mines and railroads in California. They found work in the canneries and in agriculture. Working conditions were brutal.

25. Population in Washington is 73,116

27. Chinese Exclusion Act Many U.S. citizens became frustrated that the Chinese were “taking jobs” and Congress eventually passed the Chinese Exclusion Act in 1882. “No More Chinese Immigration!”

29. Northern Pacific Railroad

30. Population in Washington is 357,232

32. Washington becomes the 42 nd State on Nov. 11 th !

33. Prior to 1870 a territory needed at least 60,000 residents in order to become a state. In 1870 that number changed to 125,000. In 1878 Washington had 75,000 and proposed to Congress that they become a state. They were denied. By way of the Omnibus Bill Washington became a state in 1889 with over 300,000 residents. Statehood meant: Washington had state status. Washington had a voice in Congress.

34. Agriculture was difficult: heavily forested on the western side and deserts on the East. Beef cattle was successful and meat was exported to Idaho, Oregon and even California. Dryland farming (Growing without irrigation) gave rise to wheat farming. Page 236

36. One of the most successful economic industries. 1851: Shoalwater Bay oysters were commercially harvested. Canneries became popular because of all the salmon. Hume Cannery, near the Columbia River, produced 4,000 cases in 1866 and 18,000 cases in 1868. There were no refrigerators to canned fish was very important.

37. In 1849 a large amount of gold was discovered in California (Gold Rush). In the 1850s and 1860s miners moved north searching for gold. Gold was discovered in Northeastern Washington (Colville). Small mining towns were established throughout Washington.

39. The California gold rush increased the demand for lumber. Washington’s lumber companies grew. 1853 Henry Yesler constructed the Territories first steam powered sawmill in Seattle. By the 1860s Washington’s lumber was being used and shipped all over the world, expanding Washington’s shipping industry as well. Page 237: Info on working conditions for mining and timber.

40. Agriculture was difficult: heavily forested on the western side and deserts on the East. Beef cattle was successful and meat was exported to Idaho, Oregon and even California. Dryland farming (Growing without irrigation) gave rise to wheat farming. After the railroads: Agriculture grew to include irrigation farmers (fruits and vegetables) and ranchers. Hops became a very successful crop that was shipped all over the world.

42. One of the most successful economic industries. 1851: Shoalwater Bay oysters were commercially harvested. Canneries became popular because of all the salmon. Hume Cannery, near the Columbia River, produced 4,000 cases in 1866 and 18,000 cases in 1868. There were no refrigerators to canned fish was very important. After the railroads: Continued to grow and became a main source of jobs (although the jobs were difficult).

43. In 1849 a large amount of gold was discovered in California (Gold Rush). In the 1850s and 1860s miners moved north searching for gold. Gold was discovered in Northeastern Washington (Colville). Small mining towns were established throughout Washington. After the railroads: Mining continued to grow and expanded to include other resources like coal. As a result of growing mining Spokane grew.

44. The California gold rush increased the demand for lumber. Washington’s lumber companies grew. 1853 Henry Yesler constructed the Territories first steam powered sawmill in Seattle. By the 1860s Washington’s lumber was being used and shipped all over the world, expanding Washington’s shipping industry as well. After the railroads: Grew to provide 80% of Washington Territory’s manufacturing income.

45. Between 1887 and 1934 100 million more acres were lost. Reservations shift from communal ownership to private and individual ownership.