1. REVISION- Caveats LAW 554

2. General nature of cvt creates no interest/ any new rights Retain the status quo of the land

3. Role of cvt 1. A mean of restraint 2. operates as notice to all the world that the registered proprietor’s title is subject to the equitable interests alleged in the caveat 3. to preserve the status quo pending proceedin g in the court 4. protects the interest of caveator

4. Types Registrar -Enter by registrar - at his discretion -Under cases of s. 320 (1) Effects: 1. prohibit the registration, endorsement or entry of any instrument of dealing, any claim to the benefit of a tenancy exempt from registration and any LHC. 2. It operates retrospectively Reasons for entry of RC: Cases to enter RC: 1.To prevent fraud or improper dealing 2. To protect the Fed/ SA or any person under the disability of minority/ mental disorder or unsound mind/ absent from the federation 3. For securing the land so that it will be available to satisfy debt due to SA /Fed, secured or unsecured, whether judgment has been obtained 4. due to an error on RDT to land or any related instrument

5. Withdrawal of RC 1. His own motion 2. on an application by the proprietor of the caveated land 3. pursuant to court order -Following an appeal to the court under section 417 by the RP of the land where he objects to the entry of the caveat; or under section 418 by any person aggrieved by any decision of the Registrar to enter the caveat. 4.Cancellation of RC under s 321(3) (a)NLC

6. PC Entered by :  a person who has interest under section 323(1)

7. Caveatable Interest Any person or body claiming title to any alienated land Any person or body claiming registrable interest in any alienated land Any person or body claiming right to title to any alienated land Any person or body claiming right to registrable interest in any alienated land

8. Examples of caveatable interest Option to purchase in an unconditional binding contract. Unregistered interest The purchaser of undivided share in land who paid full purchase price of the land and received a transfer in registrable form but had not surrendered the IDT to purchaser The claim of a caveator who had been in occupation of land for more than 40 years, as against the RP

9. Example of uncaveatable interest Claim in personam Registered proprietor caveating his own land Caveat to protect personal interest Interest under an unlawful agreement Parties negotiating to purchase land Option to purchase in a conditional contract

10. effect of PC: Preventing registration of any dealings including a certificate of sale on the land Preventing entry of LHC Preventing endorsement of Tenancy exempt granted by RP.

11. Removal of PC Section 325- withdrawal by Caveator Section 326-Removal by Registrar Section 327-Removal by Court

12. LHC Procedures:  330(1)(b) use of Form 19D together with the registered title or state lease belong to the RP; no IDT requirement under para (b) not fulfilled and reject the application for an entry of LHC  Form 19D must be duly attested in accord. to section 211  Prescribed fee

13. effects: Restraint all dealings vs the land Lodgment of anor LHC protects the non-registrable interest of the LH in the land

14. PO a method of executing judgment, where the property to be seized consists of immoveable property or any registered interest therein.

15. Def of PO under NLC Section 334 NLC  An order of the High Court issued when land held by JD is to be sold in execution proceeding, prohibiting JD from effecting any dealing therewith or from affecting such dealing therewith as may be specified in the order

16. Who is to apply PO? JC who does not come within the category of person who has a registrable interest or caveatable interest over JD’s land

17. Lapse of PO by expiry of time (s. 338) PO shall be valid for 6 mths from the date of registration, unless extended by an order of court & rgstd at the RT/LO before the expiration of the PO.