3.  All matter is made of _________________ that are always _________________.  Particles are all ___________________ › Solid: _______________________________ › Liquid:___________________________________ __________________ › Gas: ______________________________________ particles moving connected Not a strong hold Stronger hold than gas, but can flow past each other. Strongest hold, particles can only vibrate.

4.  Thermal energy is the _______________ amount of __________________energy in a substance. The more of a substance you have, the more _______________ there is.  Heat and temperature are ____________! › Heat: › Temperature: total possible thermal energy different Flow of energy from one thing to another Measurement of the speed particles are moving

5.  Heat always flows from ___________ objects to ____________ ones.  As heat flows into an object, temperature _________________, particles move _________________ and _______________. warmer cooler increases faster expand

6.  When heated, particles move faster because they have ________ energy. The particles ___________ off each other and ____________.  When heat is _____________, so is energy. Particles slow down and move _________ together. (They don’t have the _________ to stay so far away- the attractive forces take over). The object __________. gained bounce expand removed closer energy contracts

7.  All matter _________ when heated and _______________ when cooled. But, not all matter expands and contracts the _____________ amount.  For every degree rise in temperature: › Gasses expand the ____________ › Liquids expand ________________ › and Solids expand the ____________. expands contracts same most less least

8.  Power Lines › During the summer, the power lines expand in the heat- they look like they’re drooping (they look longer). In the winter, they contract and look tight.

9.  Bridge Joints › The concrete roads on a bridge in the summer expand, pushing the joints together into the spaces between the metal. This prevents the concrete from breaking or buckling. In the winter they contract, going back to normal when they cool.

10.  Tire Blowouts › In the summer, the heat from the road causes the air in the tire to expand, and the tire blows up like a balloon. The rubber on the tire can’t expand too much so the tire tears causing a blowout!

11.  Thermostat › When the bimetallic strip is cooled by the air in the room, the strip contracts and bends which turns your furnace on. When the strip gets warmed, the strip expands, straightening up, turning your furnace off.

12. TTHERMOMETER!!

13.  Water behaves ___________ than other liquids.  As it cools, water contracts like other liquids until it reaches _________.  At this point, the water particles are _______________________________________  BUT…. Water doesn’t change to ice until _______. differently 4°C 0°C packed as tight as they can get.

14.  Describe what happens as the water cools from 4°C to 0°C. The water particles form little rings. Because the rings take up more space, the ice cube is actually larger than the water that formed it!

15.  Conduction, Conductors, and Insulators › Conduction: the flow of heat from one object to another by direct contact › People use conduction for most of their cooking › Conductor: a substance that allows heat to travel through it quickly  Metals are good conductors  Wood, plastic and air are bad conductors- they are called insulators. › When heat moves by conduction, the particles do not change location- the energy moves along as the particles bounce off each other and transfer energy. › This (conduction) can happen from object to object or within an object.

16.  Situation: Cooking an egg on the stove. CauseEffect You crack the egg into the pan and turn on the burner Energy from the _______________ is transferred to the _______________. The particles in the _______________ have more energy than the particles in the egg. The heat flows from the ________________ to the ________________ by conduction. The particles in the _________________ have more heat and move ________________. The egg cooks. burner pan egg faster

17. While cooking at home with your little brother, you told him that he needed to be careful of the metal spoon because it was a conductor, it would get hot, and he could get burned. The next day, you were cooking together again and your brother was afraid that the plastic spoon you were using would burn him. When you asked him why he was afraid he said, “Because it’s a spoon, it could get hot and burn me like all spoons do when you cook.” What did your brother misunderstand about conductors and the spoon situation?

18. My brother misunderstood that metal spoons would get hot, but not all spoons. The metal spoon is a conductor so it would transfer heat easily, but the plastic spoon is an insulator so he would be safe; it wouldn’t transfer the heat easily.

19.  During the winter, warm clothes keep your warm because they insulate you from the cold. An _________ is a material that does not easily transfer heat. Some clothes act as insulators by trapping pockets of ______next to your body. insulator air

20.  When heat moves from a warmer object to a cooler one, particles from the warmer object _________ ________ particles in the cooler object. Particles in the cooler object move ________ and _________. The temperature of the cooler object _______ until the temperature of both objects are the _________.  Materials that transfer heat easily are called __________. Metals are good conductors because their particles can easily __________ to transfer heat.  Liquids and __________ are usually better insulators because their particles are _________ _________. bumpagainst faster rises same conductors vibrate gasses farther apart

21.  Insulating materials are important when building a home. Thick layers of insulation are placed in the _________ and _________ of a home. Pockets of air in the insulation keep _________ from moving out during the winter and in during the summer. Pockets of air between panes of ___________ do the same thing in windows. attic walls heat glass My feathers trap air to keep me warm!

22. 3 2 1 5 4 Heat transfer by liquid or gas!

23.  Particles expand when heated and become less dense.  Things that are less dense rise above things that are more dense.  Cooler matter is more dense (tightly packed) and sink so… › Cooler, more dense  sink Creating a › Warmer, less dense  rise circular current  This happens in liquid and gas as it moves from one place to another.

24. Examples: lava lamp, furnace heating a home, hot air traveling up a chimney, wind

25.  Heat transfer in waves!! – DOESN’T have to use matter!  “Radiant Energy”- the sun’s energy that gets to us by radiation.  More energy gets to us by radiation than be convection or conduction…WHY? Because sun’s energy is by radiation and is the main source of energy for EVERYTHING!!!

26.  Dark or dull surfaces take in a lot of energy  Light or reflective surfaces reflect radiation.  Clear materials let it pass right through  When energy comes to Earth from the sun, some is absorbed, some gets reflected back into space.  Absorbed energy heats the atmosphere and causes the greenhouse effect. Remember, some greenhouse gasses are necessary for us to survive, but people have made it increase and now we have Global Warming worries.

27. Attention, Attention, ladies and gentlemen, boys and girls. The competition is on for which of our fine heat transferring contestants gets the title of “The Main Man” when it comes to heating the Earth most often. On my right is convection man, able to spin those circular currents and heat the masses. On my left is radiation man, able to transfer energy without any matter at all. Finally, in the center is conduction man, willing and able to make contact with anything to transfer his energy. Who will it be…who will come out on top? Which method of transfer happens the most on Earth? Draw a winner’s cup by your choice.

28. ConvectionConduction Radiation - Transfer of energy by liquid Or gas -Circular current -Used in lava lamps -Used to heat homes -Air rising up a chimney -Transfer of energy by contact - Used to cook most foods - Transfer of energy in waves, doesn’t need matter - Main way Earth gets its energy - Used when you warm yourself by the campfire. -Need matter To transfer energy -Used by heaters/ radiators -Transfer of thermal energy