1. S UBJECT PRONOUNS A pronoun is a word that takes the place of a noun.

2. W HAT IS A PRONOUN ? It’s a word used instead of a noun (or a phrase containing a noun) Example: `He', `it', `who', and `anything' are pronouns. When the pronoun is the subject (the person doing the action) of the sentence, it is called a Subject Pronoun. Example: Bob is swimming. He is swimming.

3. In Spanish the first pronoun to learn is the one that is used as the subject in the sentence. In Spanish we do not capitalize the pronouns except when they are at the beginning of the sentence. RULES

4. W HAT ARE THE E NGLISH SUBJECT PRONOUNS ? SingularPlural 1 st personIWe 2 nd personYou 3 rd personHe, She, ItThey

5. E NGLISH SUBJECT PRONOUNS AND THEIR S PANISH EQUIVALENTS Spanish subject pronouns are similar to English, but there are some differences. SingularPlural 1 st person I = Yo We = nosotros (m) Nosotras (f) 2 nd person You (familiar) = tú You (plural, familiar) = Vosotros Vosotras You (plural) = Ustedes (Uds.) 3 rd person He = él She = ella You (formal) = Usted (Ud.) They (m) = Ellos They (f) = Ellas

6. T HE FIRST PERSON SINGULAR PRONOUN “YO” “Yo” means “I” and is used in the same way as in English. Yo soy americano. Yo soy estudiante. Note that it is not capitalized unless it starts a sentence: Mi amigo y yo…

7. S ECOND PERSON SINGULAR PRONOUN T Ú Tú means you (familiar/ informal) Used when talking to someone familiar

8. 3 RD PERSON SINGULAR MASCULINE ÉL Él = he It is used when talking ABOUT a boy/guy/man. used in the same way as its English counterpart: Jorge es mexicano. Él es de Guadalajara. DON’T forget the accent mark. If you do, you are actually writing the Spanish word for “the” él = heel = the

9. 3 RD PERSON SINGULAR F EMININE E LLA Ella = she It is used when talking ABOUT a girl/woman. used in the same way as its English counterpart: Rosa es mexicana. Ella es de Acapulco. Please pronounce it correctly. It sounds like (eh-yah) not (el-lah) Remember ll= y sound.

10. FORMAL YOU U STED (U D.) Usted means you (formal) Used when talking to someone you should respect. Abbreviated Capital U, lower case d, period. (Ud.) Considered a 3 rd person singular pronoun.

11. Use nosotros/ nosotras to talk about a group of people that includes you. in English we have one word to talk about “we,” but in Spanish, we distinguish between “we” masculine and feminine: Juan: “Mi hermano y yo somos de Argentina. Nosotros vivimos en Buenos Aires.” Juana: “Mi hermana y yo somos de Bolivia. Nosotras vivimos en La Paz.” use the masculine pronoun if it refers to a mixed group: Juan: “Mi hermano, mi novia, y yo somos de Argentina. Nosotros vivimos en Buenos Aires.” Juana: “Mi hermana, mis padres, y yo somos de Bolivia. Nosotros vivimos en La Paz. T HE FIRST PERSON PLURAL PRONOUN “N OSOTROS / NOSOTRAS ”

12. 3 RD PERSON P LURAL MASCULINE E LLOS Ellos = They (masculine) It is used when talking ABOUT a group of boys/guys/men or a mixed group. used in the same way as its English counterpart: Jorge y Pepe son mexicanos. Ellos son de Guadalajara. Jorge y Ana son alumnos. Ellos son amigos también. Please pronounce it correctly. It sounds like (eh-yohs) not (el-lohs) Remember ll= y sound.

13. 3 RD PERSON PLURAL F EMININE E LLAS Ellas = They (feminine) It is used when talking ABOUT a group of only females. used in the same way as its English counterpart: Sofía y Ana son alumnas. Ellas son amigas también. Please pronounce it correctly. It sounds like (eh-yahs) not (el-lahs) Remember ll= y sound.

14. F ORMAL, COMMON YOU P LURAL U STEDES (U DS.) Abbreviated Capital “U”, lower case “d”, lower case “s” period. (Uds.) Considered a 3 rd person plural pronoun. We’ll learn more about this pronoun in a moment.

15. YOU, Y OU, AND Y OU In English, there is only one “YOU”. It is singular and plural, masculine and feminine, formal and informal Note: y’all or you all is not standard English, but we will use it to help learn the Spanish forms of “you”. In Spanish there are 5 ways to express “you” tú usted (Ud.) vosotros vosotras ustedes (Uds.)

16. Let’s look at the singular forms first. Each one has a specific time when it used. If you use the wrong one, it can be offensive to the person with whom you are speaking. D IFFERENCES – YOU: T Ú VS. U STED Tú = you (informal/familiar) Use “tú” when talking to people with whom you are on a first name basis. friends family small children people younger than you pets Usted (Ud.) = you (formal) Use “Usted” when talking with people to whom you should show respect. People in authority (police, teachers, bosses, etc.) Strangers Acquaintances Adults

17. In Spanish there are three ways to say “all of you” Vosotros Vosotras Ustedes (Uds.) Vosotros/vosotras are the plural forms of tú. Vosotros is used when talking to a familiar group of males or a mixed group ONLY in SPAIN. Vosotras is the feminine form of vosotros and is used when the entire group is female ONLY in SPAIN. These two familiar forms are used primarily in Spain. We will not use vosotros/as in tests, but you need to be aware of it. D IFFERENCES – Y’ ALL

18. The plural you form “ustedes (Uds.)” Is used differently in Spain and Latin America. In Spain, vosotros/as is used when talking to an informal group. Uds. is used to address a formal group. In Latin America, Uds. is generally used in both formal and informal situations. (They don’t use vosotros/as) Since we use Latin American Spanish in class, we will only use Uds. to indicate all forms of y’all. D IFFERENCES – Y’ ALL

19. R EVIEW Yo = I First person singular Not capitalized unless the first word of the sentence Used to talk ABOUT yourself Nosotros/as = we First person plural distinguish between “we” masculine and feminine Used to talk ABOUT yourself and friends Tú = You (singular, informal/familiar) Second person Singular Use it to talk TO a person that is a friend or family member Vosotros/as = You (singular, familiar) Second person Plural Use it to talk TO a group of friends or family members. Third person singular Él = he Don’t forget the accent Use it to talk ABOUT a guy. Ella = she Use it to talk ABOUT a girl. Watch the pronunciation. Ud. = You (singular, formal) Use it to talk TO a person that is due respect. Third person plural Ellos = They (masculine) It is used when talking ABOUT a group of boys/guys/men or a mixed group. Ellas = They (feminine) It is used when talking ABOUT a group of only females. Uds. = You (plural) Use it to talk TO a group of people

20. EJERCICIOS Cambia el nombre por el pronombre adecuado:  Kevin es inteligente. ____ es inteligente.  Lucía es bonita. ____ es bonita.  Paco es rápido. ____ es rápido.  Andrea y Randy están casados. ______ están casados.  María y Ana son amigas. _____ son amigas.

21. I N S PANISH Because it has an extensive verb conjugation, Spanish is able to frequently omit the subjects of sentences entirely, depending on the context to make clear what the subject is. Take a simple sentence such as " Está aquí. " Out of context, that sentence can mean "he is here," "she is here" or "it is here." When the subject of a sentence is inanimate, something that would be referred to as "it," it is very unusual in Spanish to use a subject at all: ¿Dónde está el teléfono? Está aquí. Where is the telephone? It is here. Está roto. It is broken. In English, it is common to use "it" as the subject of a sentence in a vague sense, such as when talking about the weather: "It is raining." "It" can also be used when talking about a situation: "It is dangerous." In such cases of a vague "it," again, Spanish omits the sentence subject: Llueve. It is raining. Nieva. It is snowing. IT As the subject of a sentence: