1. Wars

2. Who fought in the Persian Wars?

3. Athens and Sparta (together) vs. Persia

4. Who won the Persian Wars?

5. Athens and Sparta (together)

6. Who fought in the Peloponnesian Wars?

7. Who fought in the Peloponnesian War? Athens and its Delian League vs. Sparta and its Peloponnesian League

8. Who won the Peloponnesian Wars?

9. Sparta (and its Peloponnesian League)

10. Who conquered Greece after the Peloponnesian Wars?

11. King Philip of Macedon

12. Who conquered and/or controlled a large empire including Greece, Persia, Egypt, and part of India?

13. Alexander the Great

14. Who fought in the Punic Wars?

15. Rome vs. Carthage

16. Who won the Punic Wars?

17. Rome

18. Although Carthage lost the Punic Wars, they had a great general who led a brilliant sneak attack with elephants up the Alps Mountains. Who was this great general of Carthage?

19. Although Carthage lost the Punic Wars, they had a great general who led a brilliant sneak attack with elephants up the Alps Mountains. Who was this general? Hannibal

20. Who won a Civil War in Rome after crossing the Rubicon River? He later declared himself dictator for life and assassinated by his senators.

21. Julius Caesar

22. Who won the Civil War between Octavian and Marc Antony?

23. Octavian (Then his name was changed to Augustus Caesar.)

24. What emperor of the Byzantine Empire reconquered many Roman territories?

25. Justinian

26. Who took over Constantinople in 1453 and changed its name to Istanbul?

27. The Ottoman Turks

28. Who fought in the Battle of Tours?

29. The Muslims and the Franks

30. Who won the Battle of Tours and what was its significance?

31. The Franks It stopped the Muslims from taking control of France and possibly other parts of Europe as well.

32. Who fought in the Crusades?

33. The Muslims and the Christians

34. Who won the first battle of the Crusades? Who ended up winning the Crusades when they were finally finished?

35. Who won the first battle of the Crusades? The Christians Who ended up winning the Crusades when they were finally finished? The Muslims

36. Who gave the famous speech to ignite the Crusades?

37. Pope Urban II

38. Who was the greatest Muslim leader who took back Jerusalem from the Christians during the Crusades?

39. Saladin

40. Who was the leader of Normandy who won the Battle of Hastings and conquered and united most of England?

41. William the Conqueror

42. Who fought in the Hundred Years War?

43. England and France

44. Who won the Hundred Years War?

45. France

46. Who was a unifying factor for France during the Hundred years War?

47. Joan of Arc

48. Which group of barbarians came from continental Europe and invaded and settled in England during the Middle Ages?

49. Angles and Saxons

50. Which group of barbarians came from Central Asia and invaded and settled in Hungary during the Middle Ages?

51. The Magyars

52. Which group of barbarians came from Scandinavia and invaded and settled in Russia?

53. The Vikings

54. Which group of invaders invaded Russia, China, and Muslim States in southwest Asia destroying cities and the countryside?

55. The Mongols

56. Which leader threw off the rule of the Mongols, centralized power in Moscow, and expanded the Russian nation?

57. Ivan the Great