1. 1861: The Country Goes to War

2. Lincoln Elected President November 6, 1860
Red – Lincoln
Yellow – Bell
Blue – Douglas
Green – Breckinridge
Purple – Non-Voting Territories

3. Lincoln Elected President
In the 1860 presidential race, four men ran for president. Due to the choice of 4 candidates, Lincoln, carrying the votes of the populous North, won with 40% of the total vote. Southerners became very fearful that the anti-slavery Republicans would try to change their way of life.

4. Excerpt, First Inaugural Address Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States of America
In your hands, my dissatisfied fellow-countrymen, and not in mine, is the momentous issue of civil war. The Government will not assail you. You can have no conflict without being yourselves the aggressors. You have no oath registered in heaven to destroy the Government, while I shall have the most solemn one to ‘preserve, protect, and defend it.’

5. Secession of South Carolina December 20, 1860
On December 20, 1860 South Carolina formally seceded from, or left the Union.
South Carolina based this action on the basis of states’ rights, which they felt the new President, Abraham Lincoln, would violate.
Within the next six weeks, six other states voted to secede. The Confederate States of America was established.

6. A President for the Confederacy February 9, 1861
Jefferson Davis is chosen as the President of the Confederate States of America.
He will be elected that November.

7. The Union

8. Fort Sumter
April 12, 1861
Located off the coast of South Carolina, the Confederacy claimed ownership.
They fired on the fort, to force Union troops to leave.
Union forces left the following day.
The firing upon Fort Sumter was the opening engagement of the American Civil War.

9. Secession
April & May, 1861

10. Anaconda Plan Lieutenant General Winfield Scott’s plan to defeat the Confederacy
Strong defense of Washington, D.C.
Blockade the Confederacy's Atlantic and Gulf coasts
Land and naval attack along the Mississippi River aimed at cutting the Confederacy in two 
Scott's Great Snake: Library of Congress Geography and Map Division

11. Robert E. Lee Lived in Arlington, Virginia
Lincoln offered him the command of the Union Army on April 20, 1821
When Virginia seceded he accepted the command of the Confederate Army.

12. Fight for the Capitals Richmond and DC are only 100 miles apart.
The North fought many battles with the idea of disabling the Confederate capital of Richmond, VA.
The Confederacy never directly attacked DC, but several battles, such as First and Second Manassas and Fort Stevens were close.

13. First Manassas (Bull Run) July 21, 1861
The first major land battle of the American Civil War, The Battle of First Manassas, also known as Bull Run, was fought just outside of Washington D.C.
After initial Union success, the Confederates counter-attacked and the disorganized Union troops withdrew to Washington D.C.
In excitement to see a “real, live, battle” citizens in the area came to watch the fight unfold. None realized what a real battle might look like. On the army’s retreat to Washington the roads were full of carriages as the viewers retreated from the horror as well.
The Battle of First Manassas made both sides realize that the war would be longer and bloodier than anticipated.

14. Battle of Antietam September 17, 1862
The bloodiest single day in American military history (almost 23,000 killed)
Ended in a draw, but the Confederate retreat gave Abraham Lincoln the “victory” he desired before issuing the Emancipation Proclamation.

15. Emancipation Proclamation
President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863
declared "that all persons held as slaves" within the rebellious states "are, and henceforward shall be free."
applied only to states that had seceded from the Union, leaving slavery untouched in border states
The freedom it promised depended upon Union military victory but it inspired free Blacks to join the Union army

16. Battle of Vicksburg June 28, 1862 Divided the South
Gave the North control of the Mississippi River
South could not get supplies

17. Battle of Gettysburg July 1-3, 1863 Turning point of the war
Union had high ground and won
General Lee tried to invade the North but Union Army fought back and pushed him out
Over 50,000 killed or wounded
Lee lost over 1/3 of his forces

18. Gettysburg Address November 19, 1863
Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation, so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.
But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate, we can not consecrate, we can not hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us—that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion—that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain—that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom—and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.

19. Appomattox Court House
April 9th, 1865
General Lee surrendered the Army of Northern Virginia to General Grant
South gives up weapons and is allowed to return home
Effectively ends the war
Union is preserved

20. Results Friends/Family fought against each other
South ran out of men, troops became younger, more poorly equipped/clothed
South was devastated at tend of war (burned major cities: Richmond, Atlanta)
Disease killed many people
Foundation of Red Cross (Clara Barton)
Women ran businesses and farms in North/plantations in South
Confederacy ended, Confederate money became worthless