1. Essential Question:
What were the important reforms of the antebellum era, Populist movement, and Progressive era?
CPWH Agenda for Unit 8.6:
Pop Quiz! 
“Comparing Reform Movements”
Today’s HW: Unit 8 Organizer
Unit 8 Test: Friday, December 7
County Final: December 10
CPUSH Final Exam: December 17-19

2. One Hundred Years of Reform: Comparing Reform Movements Over Time
Reform was not new in the Progressive Era. Reformers in the Antebellum Era and Gilded Age (Populists) tried to fix problems in society Directions: Use the following slides to figure out where each specific reforms should go in your chart

3. Reasons for the Reform Movement
Antebellum Reform
( )
Populists
(1890s)
Progressives
( ) ?
Western farmers faced falling crop prices, rising debts, and high railroad and mortgage rates
Social Gospel reformers wanted to address problems created during the Gilded Age
The Second Great Awakening led to religious revivalism

4. Women’s Rights
Antebellum Reform
( )
Populists
(1890s)
Progressives
( ) ?
Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony helped gain passage of the 19th Amendment; Labor laws led to a 10 hour work day; Margaret Sanger promoted birth control
None 
Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott helped write the Declaration of Sentiments at the Seneca Falls Convention

5. African American Rights
Antebellum Reform
( )
Populists
(1890s)
Progressives
( ) ?
Booker T. Washington called for racial accommodation; WEB DuBois led the Niagara Movement and formed the NAACP
Black exodusters moved West as homestead farmers to escape segregation in the South
William Lloyd Garrison and Frederick Douglass and other abolitionists called for the immediate end of slavery

6. Children’s Rights
Antebellum Reform
( )
Populists
(1890s)
Progressives
( ) ?
Florence Kelley fought for child labor laws; President Taft created the Children’s Bureau
Horace Mann fought to create public schools to better educate young children, especially German and Irish immigrants
None 

7. Other Social Reforms
Antebellum Reform
( )
Populists
(1890s)
Progressives
( ) ?
WCTU fought for temperance but failed to gain national prohibition
Muckrakers like Jacob Riis exposed poverty; Jane Addams created the first settlement house; 18th Amendment led to prohibition
None 

8. Economic Reforms
Antebellum Reform
( )
Populists
(1890s)
Progressives
( ) ?
Western farmers called for (but did not gain) a national income tax and the free coinage of silver (bimetallism)
Jackson’s attack on the Second Bank of the United States eliminated federal regulation of banking and the money supply
16th Amendment created a national income tax; The Federal Reserve was created to regulate inflation, unemployment, and money supply

9. Business Reforms
Antebellum Reform
( )
Populists
(1890s)
Progressives
( ) ?
The gov’t encouraged industry, especially Northern textile mills, by creating a tariff on imported goods
Muckrakers Sinclair and Tarbell; TR’s “Square Deal; Meat Inspection Act and Pure Food and Drug Act; Sherman Anti-Trust Act was used to “bust” monopolies; Clayton Anti-Trust Act protected unions; Environmental conservation
Western farmers called for (but did not gain) government regulation of banks and railroads

10. Democratic Reforms
Antebellum Reform
( )
Populists
(1890s)
Progressives
( ) ?
17th Amendment allowed for the direct election of U.S. Senators; 19th Amendment granted women’s suffrage; Initiative, referendum, recall created in western states
Western farmers demanded (but did not gain) the right to directly elect their U.S. Senators
Women demanded (but did not gain) the right to vote; Property qualification ended and common white men could vote (universal white male suffrage)

11. Other Government Reforms
Antebellum Reform
( )
Populists
(1890s)
Progressives
( ) ?
Jackson used the spoils system (patronage) to replace government bureaucrats
Pendleton Act ended patronage by requiring a civil service exam; City commissions and managers; Lafollette’s Wisconsin Idea
None 

12. Discussion Questions
Antebellum Reform
( )
Populists
(1890s)
Progressives
( ) ?
Which reform era (Antebellum, Populist, Progressive) was most successful? Least successful?
Which trend (social, economic, or political) saw the greatest change from 1820 to 1920?
What was the most important change of the Progressive Era: (a) protection of children and the poor; (b) regulation of big business; or (c) the increase of democracy?