1. Discrimination and the Progressive Movement

2. Social Reform or Control? Americanize Immigrants Teach English Prohibit Alcohol Thought this would make them more loyal and moral.

3. Racism Limits Goals Thought that darker skin people had lesser intelligence. South=Jim Crow Laws Plessy V. Ferguson Woodrow Wilson passes segregation laws.

4. Booker T. Washington How do Black Americans overcome segregation? Southern Perspective Former slave Wrote a book/ Up From Slavery Don’t confront segregation head on Before you are considered equal in society-- must be self sufficient like most Americans Stressed vocational education for Black Americans Gradualism and economic self-sufficiency Founder of Tuskegee Institute

5. W.E.B. Dubois How do Black Americans overcome segregation? Northern Perspective Fought for immediate Black equality in society Talented 10%: Demanded the top 10% of the talented Black population be placed into the “power positions” power structureGain equality by breaking into power structure NAACPFounder of NAACP  National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

6. Niagara Movement Met in Canada b/c no one would give them a room in U.S. Led by Dubois and William Monroe Turner Denounced Washington’s Ideas. Only gathered a few hundred followers.

7. Begins in 1906 in a meeting at Niagara Falls, Canada in opposition to Booker T. Washington’s philosophy of accepting segregation. 1.Encourage of Black pride 2.Uncompromising demand for full political and civil equality 3.No acceptance of segregation----opposed Booker T. Washington’s “gradualism”. 4.Gain acceptance of white reformers. 5.Formation of the NAACP in 1906 with Dubois as the editor of the NAACP’s journal, The Crisis 6.Other Black groups formed to support Dubois, National Urban League in 1911 Niagara Movement

8. Formation of NAACP Lynchings in Springfield, Ill. Led to 2 deaths. White reformers got together with leaders of Niagara Movement to form NAACP. Fight for rights of A. Americans. Included Jane Addams, Florence Kelley, Ida B. Wells. Focused on Middle class social and political issues. National Association for the Advancement of Colored PeopleNational Association for the Advancement of Colored People

9. Formation of Urban League Local A. American churches and clubs helped out the poor. Hundreds of groups got together to form Urban League. Find work and clothing for A. Americans Still around today along with NAACP

10. Anti-Defamation League Formed in 1913 Protect Jews from verbal and physical injustices. Secure fair and just treatment

11. Mexican Americans Organize Partido Liberal Mexicano (PLM) Formed in Arizona. Same purpose as Urban League Mutualistas- Provided loans and legal assistance and insurance for those too sick to work. (1911)

12. Native Americans Take Action Dawes Act- 1887 Divided reservations into plots. Lands that were not occupied could be sold to public. 1911- Society for American Indians= protested government Indian policy

13. Asian Americans Fight Unfair Laws 1913 Law=Only American Citizens could own land. Asians could not become citizens and therefore could not own land. Many fought this, but it did not change.